以史解画,以图证史——关于光绪《大婚图》册的绘制

History as Picture——The Making of the Illustrated Wedding Ceremonial Occasions of Guangxu

故宫博物院收藏有三套光绪《大婚图》册:一套为底稿本;一套为进呈用于审定的细稿本;一套为最终进呈御览定本。三套图册所绘礼节程序相同,具有纪实性特点,但其绘制并非是在典礼结束后的实景记录,而是在婚礼之前就预绘出底稿,再根据实景予以修订,因为大婚礼节程序具有标准化的特点,可以支持这样的操作。光绪《大婚图》册,每套九册,堪称鸿篇巨制,其创作由庆宽领衔,集体绘制而成。庆宽画史无传,出身于低微的内务府员外郎,作者认为,其宦海沉浮亦有明晰之必要。

The ‘Illustrated Wedding Ceremonial Occasions’(Dà Hūn Tú) of Guangxu in the collection of the Palace Museum has three copies of albums including one sketch draft, one intensive drawing for approval and the definitive approved one altogether. The three sets of paintings share the wedding ceremonial procedures, which in details picture the live events happening on the wedding ceremony. However, the fact is that the paintings were completed ahead of the formal wedding ceremony and amended after that rather than the live presentation. The way it goes conforms to the etiquettes required for the standardized procedure of such a grand imperial wedding festival. Every copy has nine leafs. The pictures were collectively accomplished under the leadership of led by Qingkuan, who was an inferior-status Yuanwailang of imperial internal affairs. His experience in painting is recorded nowhere yet.