针对新型冠状病毒的DNA疫苗研究进展

Research progress on DNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2

新型冠状病毒肺炎引发的疫情对全球公众健康构成了严重威胁,全球新型冠状病毒疫苗研发正在从多条技术路线向前积极推进。核酸疫苗继传统减毒疫苗、灭活疫苗和基因工程亚单位疫苗之后被行业内称为"第三代疫苗技术",包括DNA疫苗和m RNA疫苗,各有优势。本文回顾了DNA疫苗的发展简史,经过十几年的改进,DNA疫苗递送效率大幅度提升,尤其在应对严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)、高致病性流感、中东呼吸综合征(MERS)、寨卡热(ZIKA)、裂谷热等突发性传染病方面,DNA疫苗在临床中的初步效果得到了验证。本综述旨在讨论对抗传染病大流行的DNA疫苗的研制,尤其是对新型冠状病毒DNA疫苗的设计、优化、安全性和有效性等方面的考虑,并提出DNA疫苗技术需要提升的方向。

COVID-19 outbreak poses a serious threat to global public health. The research and development of COVID-19 vaccines around the world are moving forward with various technical tactics in a positive way. After the traditional live-attenuated virus vaccine,inactive virus vaccine and genetic engineering subunit vaccine,nucleic acid vaccine is called"the third generation vaccine technology"in the industry,including DNA vaccine and m RNA vaccine. Each has its own advantages. This article reviews the development history of DNA vaccine. With over ten years of improvement,the delivery efficiency of DNA vaccine has been greatly improved,especially in the treatment of emerging infectious diseases including SARS,highly pathogenic influenza,MERS,ZIKA and Rift Valley fever,the preliminary clinical benefit of which has been verified. This review aims to discuss the research and development of DNA vaccines against pandemics,especially the design,optimization,safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 DNA vaccines,and suggest the direction of improvement of DNA vaccine technology.