杜威道德教育思想再认识——与高德胜教授商榷

Rethinking Dewey’s Thoughts on Moral Education:An Inquiry into Some Opinions of Professor Gao Desheng

《对杜威道德教育"根本问题"的再认识》一文指出,杜威关于道德教育的"基本原理"存在思想与逻辑"缝隙"。依据杜威相关论著,该文所称的"缝隙"并不存在。杜威没有否定"关于道德的观念"的价值,没有将"直接道德教学"等同于"关于道德的观念的教学",而是在肯定"直接道德教学"的有限价值基础上提出了有效开展"直接道德教学"的细致建议。杜威对"学校道德三位一体"的主张包含了他关于"直接道德教学"的主张。杜威倡导的德育思路是间接德育与直接德育相辅相成的良性互动。杜威没有确切地将"道德观念"与"关于道德的观念"的区别界定为道德教育的根本问题,草率提出道德教育的根本问题容易导致德育研究领域的观念混淆。杜威所阐述的以"学校道德三位一体"为标志的学校教育之道德原理主张,以儿童的社会成员身份为依据,以本身就是社会机构的学校的生活、学习和做事的方法、学校学习内容或课程为载体,培养儿童的社会智慧、社会能力和社会兴趣。

According to the article A New Probe into the "Basic Problem" in Dewey’s Theory of Moral Education,Dewey’s "basic principles" on moral education had an ideological and logical "gap." However,based on Dewey’s masterpieces,the so-called "gap" did not exist. Dewey neither denied the value of the "ideas about morality" nor equalized direct moral instruction with the instruction about the "ideas about morality";instead, based on his confirmation of the limited value of direct moral instruction,he offered detailed suggestions as to how to effectively implement direct moral instruction. His opinions on direct moral instruction were included in his opinions on the "moral trinity of the school," and he advocated balancing indirect and direct moral education,and making them complementary and interactive. He did not strictly define the distinction between moral ideas and the ideas about morality as the basic problem of moral education,and raising the latter problem recklessly would result in confusing concepts in moral education research. Dewey’s thoughts on moral principles in education,marked by the "moral trinity of the school," were based on children’s membership in society,and carried by the life at the school(the school itself being a social institution),learning,the ways of doing things,school studies,and the curriculum,for the purpose of cultivating children’s social intelligence,social abilities and social interests.