体检人群中听力异常患病率及危险因素调查

Investigation on the prevalence and risk factors of hearing impairment in health examination population

目的了解体检人群中听力损失患病率及其影响因素。方法对2017年9月~2018年7月在北京同仁医院体检中心接受听力筛查者进行查体、问病史、纯音筛选测听,计算听力损失患病率并应用回归分析听力受损的独立危险因素,观察听力损失患病率随年龄变化的趋势。结果体检人群中听力损失率45.6%,男性比例更高(4.7:1,P<0.001),BMI、血压和空腹血糖高于正常人群。年龄[OR(95%CI):1.007(1.052-1.103),P<0.001]和肥胖[OR(95%CI):1.087(1.021-1.157),P=0.009]是高频损失的独立危险因素,女性[OR(95%CI):0.381(0.199-0.727),P=0.003]是高频损失的保护因素。年龄也是高、低频均损失的独立危险因素[OR(95%CI):1.122(1.087-1.158),P<0.001],听力损失患病率随年龄增长而增加。结论体检人群中听力损失检出率较高,应针对50岁以上的中老年、男性、肥胖和糖脂代谢异常人群定期开展听力筛查,早期发现年龄相关高频听力损失,积极控制血压、血脂、血糖、噪声等因素,预防因听力损失加重而导致生活质量下降。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hearing loss in the population accepting routine health examination.METHODSThis was a cross-section study on the population who accepted health examination and hearing screening from September 2017 to July 2018.Otolaryngology examination and air-guided pure tone audiometry screening was carried out.Routine laboratory and physical examinations were performed.Binary Logistic regression models were used to estimate risk factors for the odds ratio(OR)and 95%CI of hearing loss in each frequency.The cohort was grouped by gender and age to observe the prevalence of hearing loss as age increased.RESULTS The prevalence of hearing impairment was 45.6% among our research population.The proportion of males with hearing impairment was significantly higher than females(4.7:1,P<0.001).The hearing loss group had a higher age,BMI,SBP,DBP and FBG compared with the normal group.Age[OR(95%CI):1.007(1.052-1.103),P<0.001]and obesity[OR(95%CI):1.087(1.021-1.157),P=0.009]were independent risk factors for high frequency hearing loss,and female gender[OR(95%CI):0.381(0.199-0.727),P=0.003]was protect factor for high frequency hearing loss.Age[OR(95%CI):1.122(1.087-1.158),P<0.001]is an independent risk factor for double frequency hearing loss.The prevalence of hearing loss increased with age in both males and females.CONCLUSION The detection of hearing loss should be highly recommended in the routine health examination since the prevalence was so high,especially for the middle-aged and elderly people,males,obese population and those with abnormal blood glucose and dyslipidemia.Try to detect high-frequency hearing loss in the early stage,actively treat metabolic abnormalities such as hypertension,dyslipidemia and dysglycemia,and take care of noise and other environmental factors.Effective measures should be taken to prevent the decline in life quality due to the deterioration of hearing loss as aging.