防治内耳疾病药物的研究进展

Research progress in drugs for prevention and treatment of inner ear diseases

内耳疾病包括听力损失、耳鸣和外周前庭功能障碍,主要是由毛细胞或螺旋神经节神经元损伤引起,严重影响人体听觉与平衡功能。目前的临床药物可以缓解症状,但不能完全治愈内耳疾病,因此亟需寻找有效的防治药物。大多数在研药物的主要作用机制为毛细胞保护、毛细胞再生及螺旋神经节神经元及其突触保护等,针对不同的作用机制,药物可以与相对应的酶类、受体或者离子通道等作用,发挥不同的药理效应。本文在此基础上就相关靶点和药物进行详细梳理和分析,以期为防治内耳疾病药物的进一步研发提供参考。

Inner ear diseases, including hearing loss, tinnitus, and peripheral vestibular dysfunction, are caused by damage of hair cells or spiral ganglion neurons, which seriously affect human hearing and equilibrium function. Most of the drugs currently used in clinic can alleviate symptoms, but they cannot completely cure inner ear diseases, so it is urgent to find effective drugs for preventing and treating hearing loss. The main mechanisms of drugs in development are hair cell protection, hair cell regeneration, spiral ganglion neurons and their synapsis protection, et al. Drugs combine with the corresponding enzymes, receptors or ion channels according to different mechanisms, and play different pharmacological roles in the treatment of inner ear diseases. This review illustrated and analyzed the relevant targets and drugs in detail, so as to provide reference for further research and development of targeted drugs for the prevention and treatment of inner ear diseases.