丽水市莲都区居民血脂异常特点及影响因素分析

Analysis of characteristics and influencing factors of dyslipidemia among residents in Liandu District of Lishui City

目的分析丽水市莲都区居民血脂异常特点及影响因素,为制定血脂防控策略提供依据。方法于2016年2月—2017年2月采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法,抽取莲都区1 509名18~69岁常住居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测,采用多因素Logistic回归分析血脂异常的影响因素。结果血脂异常率为60.64%(915/1 509),其中男性68.72%(512/745),女性52.75%(403/764),男性高于女性(χ^2=40.334,P<0.05)。血脂异常类型以高胆固醇血症为主,异常率为43.01%;其次为高甘油三酯血症,异常率为31.08%。血脂异常率随文化程度升高而降低(χ^2=38.065,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析显示,男性(OR=1.547,95%CI:1.163~2.059),BMI≥24kg/m^2(OR=2.598,95%CI:2.022~3.338)、BMI≥28 kg/m^2(OR=3.786,95%CI:2.499~5.734),高血压(OR=1.412,95%CI:1.056~1.888),30~39岁组(OR=1.846,95%CI:1.307~2.607)、40~49岁组(OR=1.685,95%CI:1.181~2.406)、50~59岁组(OR=2.535,95%CI:1.732~3.712)、60~69岁组(OR=2.983,95%CI:2.004~4.442)是血脂异常危险因素,素食为主(OR=0.579,95%CI:0.350~0.959)、荤素均衡(OR=0.551,95%CI:0.355~0.856)是血脂保护因素。结论莲都区血脂异常率较高,以高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症为主,应尽早采取综合护理措施干预高危人群生活方式和饮食习惯,降低血脂水平。

Objective To analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of dyslipidemia among the residents in Liandu District in Lishui City, and to provide the basis for formulating prevention and control strategies of dyslipidemia. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 1509 permanent residents aged 18-69 years in Liandu District to conduct questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory test from February, 2016 to February,2017, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of dyslipidemia. Results The rate of dyslipidemia was 60.64%(915/1509), among them, the proportion of male was 68.72%(512/745) and that of female was 52.75%(403/764), which was higher in male than in female(χ^2=40.334, P<0.05). Hypercholesterolemia was the main type of dyslipidemia, and the abnormal rate was 43.01%, the second was hypertriglyceridemia, with the abnormal rate was 31.08%. The rate of dyslipidemia decreased with the increase of education level(χ^2=38.065, P<0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that male(OR=1.547, 95%CI: 1.163-2.059), BMI ≥24 kg/m^2(OR=2.598, 95%CI: 2.022-3.338), BMI≥28 kg/m^2(OR=3.786, 95%CI: 2.499-5.734), hypertension(OR=1.412, 95%CI: 1.056-1.888), and 30-39 years old group(OR=1.846, 95%CI: 1.307-2.607), 40-49 years old group(OR=1.685, 95%CI: 1.181-2.406), 50-59 years old group(OR=2.535, 95%CI: 1.732-3.712), 60-69 years old group(OR=2.983, 95%CI: 2.004-4.442) were the risk factors for dyslipidemia, vegetarian diet(OR=0.579, 95%CI: 0.350-0.959), and balanced meat and vegetable(OR=0.551, 95%CI: 0.355-0.856) were the protective factors for blood lipid.Conclusion The rate of dyslipidemia is higher in Liandu District, and the main types are hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, it is necessary to take comprehensive nursing measures to intervene the lifestyle and dietary habits of high-risk population as soon as possible to reduce the level of blood lipid.