黑龙江省15岁以上人群二手烟暴露现状调查

Investigation on current status of secondhand smoke exposure among people over 15 years old in Heilongjiang Province

目的了解黑龙江省15岁以上人群二手烟暴露现状,为省级无烟环境的创建提供循证依据。方法 2016年10月-2017年8月采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样方法抽取黑龙江省15岁以上人群进行入户调查,使用SPSS19.0统计软件进行数据分析,并采用χ~2检验进行比较。结果共抽取7 200户家庭进行入户调查,6 096户完成了家庭问卷填写,6 052人完成了个人问卷填写,有效个人问卷为6 031份。黑龙江省15岁以上人群二手烟暴露率为77.1%。在过去30天内,有52.0%的调查对象表示家中存在有烟的情况。49.8%的调查对象表示在室内工作场所暴露于二手烟环境。在过去30天内,室内公共场所二手烟暴露率为70.9%。其中,报告在酒吧/KTV/夜总会的暴露比例最高,为94.5%。超过90%的被调查对象支持在室内公共场所完全禁烟,包括医疗卫生机构(96.3%)、室内工作场所(92.6%)、大学(93.6%)、中小学(包括中专、职高等)(94.6%)、出租车(90.9%)、公共交通工具(92.3%)。结论黑龙江省15岁以上人群二手烟暴露情况不容乐观,应引起相关部门的重视,动员全社会力量,推进全省无烟环境的创建。

Objective To understand the current situation of secondhand smoke exposure among people over 15 years old in Heilongjiang Province, in order to provide the evidence-based foundation for the establishment of provincial non-smoking environment. Methods A stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to conduct household survey among people over 15 years old from October, 2016 to August, 2017, SPSS19.0 software was used to analyze the data, and chi-square test was used for comparison. Results A total of 7200 families were selected to conduct household survey, with 6096 families finished family questionnaires, and 6052 persons finished personal questionnaires, and the effective personal questionnaires were 6031. The rate of secondhand smoke exposure among people over 15 years old was 77.1%. In the past 30 days, the rate of secondhand smoke exposure at home was 52.0%. In the past 30 days, the rate of secondhand smoke exposure in indoor workplaces was 49.8%. In the past 30 days, the rate of secondhand smoke exposure in various indoor public places was 70.9%. The exposure rate of secondhand smoke in bars/KTV/nightclubs was the highest, which was 94.5%. More than 90% of the respondents supported non-smoking at all in the indoor public places, including medical and health care institutions(96.3%), indoor workplaces(92.6%), colleges and universities(93.6%), primary and secondary schools(including technical secondary schools, vocational and higher education, 94.6%), taxi(90.9%), and public transport vehicles(92.3%). Conclusion The status of secondhand smoke exposure among people over 15 years old in Heilongjiang is serious, which should be paid much more attention by the relevant agencies, it is necessary to mobilize the power of the whole society, in order to improve the establishment of non-smoking environments.