深海复合材料耐压壳体研制

Research and Manufacturing of Deep-sea Composite Pressure Shell

碳纤维增强树脂复合材料因其可设计性、高比强度和高比模量等优点,已经成功应用于水下潜水器的耐压外壳,特别是在深海领域优点更为突出。耐压舱壳体为深海潜水器的重要组成部分,复合材料耐压舱壳体的轻量化可设计性的优点使耐压壳体能提供正浮力,降低重量体积比,这些优点使复合材料耐压壳体逐渐取代金属耐压舱壳体。采用有限元分析方法对整个耐压舱壳体进行强度及稳定性研究。由于金属端盖与复合材料耐压舱之间存在几何不连续,在连接区域存在应力集中,通过对端盖形式及结构铺层优化使应力集中得以缓解,提高了整个复合材料耐压壳体的承载能力。使用缠绕工艺制成复合材料耐压舱筒段,并与优化后的钛合金球型端盖胶接,制成两种壁厚的耐压壳体并进行外压试验验证。总结复合材料耐压壳体的设计方法,希望对未来的复合材料耐压壳体设计研究提供支撑。

Carbon fiber reinforced resin composites have been successfully applied to pressure shell of underwater submersible because of their designability,high specific strength and specific modulus.Especially in the deep sea field,the advantages of pressure shell are more prominent as an important part of the deep sea submersible.The lightweight and designability of the compositepressure shell enables to provide positive buoyancy and reduces the weight to volume ratio,which makes the composite pressure shell gradually replace the metal pressure shell.The strength and stability of the whole pressure shell were studied by finite element analysis.In the connection area between the metal end caps and the composite pressure cabin,there is geometric discontinuity and stress concentration.The stress concentration can be alleviated by optimizing the end cap form and structure layer,and the bearing capacity of the whole composite pressure shell is improved.Two kinds of pressure shell with different wall thickness were made by winding process,which was bonded with the optimized ball end cap made of titanium alloy.The design method of composite pressure shell was summarized to provide support for the future composite pressure shellin the paper.