纤维增强复合材料胶接前的表面预处理方法综述

Surface pre-treatment methods for composites prior to adhesive bonding

航空航天及汽车领域常选用碳纤维增强复合材料、铝合金、钛合金等轻质高强的材料。大型结构件涉及材料的连接,常见方式有焊接、螺栓连接、铆接、胶接等。其中,胶接方式近年来被更广泛得研究和使用,因为其既避免了对材料内部结构的损坏,又避免了不同材料接触可能发生的接触腐蚀。碳纤维增强环氧树脂等复合材料因其表面不活泼,在实际使用时表面杂质也较多,因此在胶接前需对其表面预处理。预处理目的为移除表面污染物,并使表面的结构形貌、化学组成等更易与胶接剂产生更强的相互作用,如机械互锁、化学键力。常见的处理方法包括溶剂清洗、化学处理、机械磨损、可剥布处理、等离子体处理、激光处理。本文将介绍上述处理方法,报道整理相关文献研究结果,对各种方法的有效性、适用性、经济性、环保性等多方面进行优劣比较和评价总结,并结合工业实际应用给出研究和发展的建议。

An automotive or aircraft component requires the inclusion of some light-weight high-performance materials,e.g.carbon fibre reinforced polymer(CFRP),aluminium alloy,titanium alloy.Adhesive bonding,as a satisfactory technique for joining two materials,has attracted more and more attentions from researchers and manufacturers.Unlike welding,bolting,or riveting techniques,adhesive bonding does not destroy the bulk structure and prevents galvanic corrosion in terms of hybrid joining.Prior to adhesive bonding,surface pre-treatments are necessary.For example,the surface of CFRPs is usually not active.Also,contaminants may affect the joint performance after adhesive bonding.Surface pre-treatments for CFRPs aim to remove any surface contaminants and also to modify the surface.They optimise surface topography and/or chemical composition to obtain a closer interaction with adhesives,i.e.mechanical interlocking and chemical bonding.In this report,surface pre-treatment methods for composites prior to adhesive bonding will be introduced,including solvent cleaning,chemical treatment,abrasion,peel-ply method,plasma treatment,and laser ablation.Relevant studies will be reviewed and summarized.The effectiveness,compatibility,economy,and environmental concerns of these methods will be analysed and compared.This report will also provide suggestions for further research and development of the methods,based on both findings of the research papers and the applications in the industrial production.