郑州市老年慢性心力衰竭患者的健康素养现况及影响因素分析

Analysis on status and influencing factors of health literacy in elderly patients with chronic heart failure in Zhengzhou City

目的调查老年慢性心力衰竭(以下简称慢性心衰)患者的健康素养水平现状及其影响因素。方法2019年2—8月采用描述性研究设计与方便抽样法,选取郑州市3所三级甲等医院316例老年慢性心衰住院患者进行问卷调查。共发放问卷336份,回收316份。问卷由患者社会人口学资料、疾病情况、患者照护者一般人口学资料、中文版心力衰竭特异性健康素养量表及中文版心力衰竭患者自我护理行为量表组成。结果慢性心力衰竭患者的健康素养总分为28.72±9.36,3个维度中批判性健康素养维度最低得分为6.33±2.54,其条目均分最低为1.79±0.83;多元线性回归分析显示,年龄、居住环境、受教育程度、自我护理管理得分、自我护理信心得分以及自我护理总分是慢性心力衰竭患者健康素养及各维度的影响因素。结论老年慢性心力衰竭患者的健康素养水平还有待提高;改善患者的自我护理行为能提高其自身的健康素养水平,高龄、农村、文化程度较低及自我护理行为水平偏低的患者应给予重点关注。

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of health literacy(HL)in elderly patients with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods Descriptive study design and convenient sampling method were conducted to select 316 elderly hospitalized patients with CHF from three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Zhengzhou City from February to August 2019.A total of 336 questionnaires were distributed and 316 were collected.The questionnaires included the social demographic data of patients,disease status,general demographic data of caregivers,Chinese version of heart failure specific HL scale,Chinese version of heart failure patient self-care behavior scale.Results The total score of HL in patients with CHF was 28.72±9.36.The lowest score of critical HL in the three dimensions was 6.33±2.54,and the average lowest score of each question was 1.79±0.83.Multiple linear regression analysis showed the HL and its dimensions of patients with CHF were affected by age,living environment,education level,self-care management score,self-care confidence score and total score of self-care.Conclusion HL of patients with CHF needs to be improved.Improving the self-care behavior of patients can improve their HL level.In addition,special attention should be attached to patients who are old age,from rural area,low education level and low self-care behavior.