航天搭载对武夷名丛相关生理及生长特性的影响

Effects of Space Treatment on Biological and Growth Characteristics of Camellia sinensis

以神舟八号飞船搭载的6种武夷名丛种子SP1代株系为材料,探讨航天搭载对武夷名丛SP1代株系叶片形态、光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光参数、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量以及茶叶品质成分含量的影响,分析航天搭载后武夷名丛生长和生理特性的变化,从中筛选优良突变株。结果表明,航天搭载后6个武夷名丛SP1代植株的叶长、叶宽、节间长度和叶面积均发生变化,其中,雀舌、肉桂和奇丹的叶面积显著增加;航天搭载显著提高雀舌、奇丹、肉桂和金毛猴的叶绿素及类胡萝卜素含量,瞬时叶绿素荧光(Ft)和光量子效率(Qy)也有所增加,这有利于提高光合效率;武夷名丛航天搭载后表现出可溶性糖含量增加而蛋白质含量减少,氨基酸和茶多酚含量下降,儿茶素和咖啡碱含量上升。综合各项指标,航天搭载后6个武夷名丛中雀舌可以作为有益变异株系加以选育。

Six SP1 lines of Camellia sinensis carried by Shenzhou No.8 spacecraft were used as materials to study the effects of space flight on leaf morphology,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,content of photosynthetic pigment and soluble sugar and protein,and quality components of Wuyimingcong.The growth and physiological characteristics of Wuyimingcong after space treatment were analyzed for subsequent variety selection.The results showed that leaf length,leaf width,internode length,and leaf area of the six SP1 lines of Wuyimingcong were affected by space flight.Space treatment significantly increased the leaf areas of varieties of Queshe,Rougui,and Qidan,the chlorophyll contents and carotenoid contents of Queshe,Qidan,Rougui,and Jinmaohou varieties,as well as their instantaneous chlorophyll fluorescence(Ft)and quantum efficiency(Qy).After space flight,the contents of soluble sugar increased and the contents of protein decreased.The contents of amino acids and tea polyphenols decreased while the contents of total catechins and caffeine increased.Based on the above indexes,Queshe can be selected as a useful mutant line among the six SP1 lines of Wuyimingcong.