开发区设立与企业出口国内附加值

Special economic zones and firms’export domestic value added ratio

开发区作为我国出口企业的空间集聚地,能否有效提高企业出口国内附加值(DVAR)对于企业出口获利、建设贸易强国具有重要意义。在理论机制分析的基础上,以我国开发区设立之初制定的主导产业扶持政策构建准自然实验,基于2000—2007年企业层面数据,使用渐进式双重差分法实证检验开发区主导产业扶持政策对企业出口DVAR的影响及其作用机制。结果表明:开发区主导产业扶持政策显著地提高了企业出口DVAR,这一结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立。异质性分析发现:开发区主导产业扶持政策对民营企业、一般贸易企业、技术密集型行业内企业、东部地区企业出口DVAR的促进作用更大;当开发区制定的主导产业符合其所在城市比较优势时,政策效果更显著;与省级开发区相比,国家级开发区对企业出口DVAR的促进作用更显著。基于中介效应模型的影响机制检验结果表明,开发区主导产业扶持政策通过优惠政策效应和集聚经济效应提高企业成本加成率和进口中间品相对价格,进而提高企业出口DVAR。

As a spatial gathering place for China’s export firms,whether special economic zones(SEZs)can effectively increase the domestic value added ratio(DVAR)of firms’export is of great significance to the profitability of firms’exports and the construction of a strong trade country.On the basis of theoretical mechanism analysis,this paper builds a quasi-natural experiment with the leading industry support policies formulated at the beginning of the establishment of China’s special economic zones.Based on firm-level data from 2000 to 2007,the progressive difference-in-difference method is used to empirically test the effects and mechanisms of SEZs’leading industry support policies on Chinese firms’export domestic value added ratio.The results find that the supportive policies for leading industries in the SEZs significantly improve the export DVAR of firms.This conclusion is still established after a series of robustness tests.Heterogeneity analysis finds that the support policies have greater positive effects on private firms,general trading firms,technology-intensive firms,and those in the eastern regions,and on industries that SEZs support as they meet the comparative advantages of the city.The policy effect is more significant in national SEZs than in provincial SEZs.The test results of the influence mechanism based on the intermediary effect model show that the supporting policies for leading industries in the SEZs increase the cost markup rate of firms and the relative price of imported intermediate goods through preferential policy effects and agglomeration economic effects,thereby increasing firms’export DVAR.