开发区竞争如何影响企业出口产品质量——来自中国工业企业的证据

How does special economic zone competition affect export product quality:evidence from Chinese industrial enterprises

以Hallak and Sivadasan(2013)的企业产品质量异质性模型为基础,纳入中国特有的开发区竞争因素,探讨了开发区竞争影响出口产品质量的内在机制,并基于中国工业企业样本进行了实证检验。研究表明:2000—2007年间,开发区竞争显著抑制了企业出口产品质量提升,但对于国家级开发区内企业、加工贸易企业出口产品质量而言,该抑制作用并不显著,且高行政级别城市内的开发区竞争促进了企业出口产品质量提升。机制检验发现,开发区因过度竞争而抑制企业生产效率,进而对企业出口产品质量提升产生负面影响。进一步研究发现:全国开发区清理整顿之后,2007—2011年开发区竞争对企业出口产品质量的促进作用逐渐显现;纵观2000—2011年样本,开发区竞争与企业出口产品质量间存在显著的倒U型关系。此外,开发区清理整顿事件前,开发区竞争对企业的出口数量表现出显著的促进作用,而清理整顿之后开发区竞争对出口数量表现出一定的抑制作用。总体而言,在开发区清理整顿前后,开发区竞争对企业出口产品的影响呈现出由"量"到"质"的转变。研究结论为以开发区为载体促进我国贸易高质量发展提供了重要的决策参考。

On the basis of Hallak and Sivadasan’s(2013)model of product quality heterogeneity,this paper takes into account China’s characteristic factor,special economic zone competition,discusses the internal mechanism of special economic zone competition affecting export product quality,and conducts an empirical test based on a sample of Chinese industrial enterprises.The empirical study shows that from 2000 to 2007,special economic zone competition significantly inhibits the improvement of enterprises’export product quality.While the heterogeneity analysis shows that the inhibition effect on the export product quality of enterprises in national special economic zones and processing trade enterprises is not significant,and special economic zone competition in high-level cities promotes the improvement of enterprises’export product quality.A mechanism test shows that the excessive competition between the special economic zones restrains the production efficiency of enterprises,and then has a negative impact on export product quality.Further research finds that:after the national implementation of the clean-up and rectification of the special economic zones,the role of special economic zone competition in promoting the export product quality of enterprises has gradually appeared over 2007—2011;throughout the sample from 2000 to 2011,there is a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between special economic zone competition and the export product quality of enterprises.In addition,special economic zone competition plays a significant role in promoting the export volume of enterprises before the clean-up and rectification of the special economic zones,while after that,special economic zone competition shows a restraining effect on export volumes.Generally speaking,before and after the clean-up and rectification of the special economic zones,the impact of special economic zone competition on the export products of enterprises has changed from"quantity"to"quality".The conclusion provides an important decision-making reference for promoting the high-quality development of China’s trade with the special economic zone as the carrier.