政府驻地迁移的污染伴随效应

Government resident relocation and pollution coupling effect

通过对2000—2010年发生政府驻地迁移的15座城市近4000家企业二氧化硫排放数据进行考察发现,迁移过程具有污染伴随效应,会提升迁入地企业污染物排放水平。规模以上工业企业对污染伴随效应贡献最为明显,发生政府驻地迁移的非省会城市受到的影响相对较大。经济发展水平提升在总体上会对污染伴随效应有所抑制,但这种抑制作用对规模以上工业企业来说不显著。污染伴随效应在政府驻地新址周边5公里范围内表现最为突出,此后随空间距离扩大逐步递减,直至20~25公里后消失。污染伴随效应产生的原因在于迁入地新企业的进入及其引致的产出规模扩张,同时监管效应、结构效应和效率效应未能有效对冲产出扩张给环境造成的不利影响。运用微观企业数据对政府驻地迁移的环境影响进行考察,有助于从更深层面理解政府资源、经济活动、污染效应三者间的绑定关系,为政府未来进行类似决策提供科学参考。

By examining nearly 4000 firms’SO2 emission data in 15 cities with government resident relocation from 2000 to 2010,the paper finds that relocation has a pollution coupling effect.It improves the pollutant emission level of the firms in immigration regions.Among them,industrial firms above designated size have the most obvious contribution to the pollution coupling effect,and non-provincial-capital cities are deeply affected.With the improvement in the level of economic development,the pollution coupling effect will be lowered in general.However,this trend is not significant in industrial firms above designated size.The coupling effect is most obvious within 5 km of a new government resident,and then decreases gradually up to a distance of 20~25 km away.The main reason for the pollution coupling effect is the entry of new firms and the expansion of their outputs.Another key factor is the regulation effect,structural effect,and efficiency effect failing to effectively hedge the impact of output expansion on the environment.In this paper,the environmental impact of government resident relocation is investigated by using micro firm data.It is helpful to deeply understand the binding relationships between government resources,economic activity,and the pollution effect,which can provide a scientific reference for the government to make similar decisions in the future.