自然资源的多元价值及评估研究

Research on Plural Value and Evaluation of Natural Resources

在尊重多元价值的基础上制定环境决策,有助于缓解价值冲突。自然资源不仅具有经济价值,还具有生态价值、科学价值、社会价值、美学价值、文化价值、历史价值、宗教价值、医学价值等多元价值。这些价值具有不可估价性和不可比较性特征,这些价值之间存在价值冲突和模糊地带。直接市场评估法可以计算自然资源的经济价值,但是无法衡量自然资源的多元价值。显示偏好法和明示偏好法可以评估自然资源的多元价值。不同环境估价方法在研究基础、应用范围、使用条件及获取偏好的方法等方面存在差异。量化评估环境价值可以为环境决策提供技术支持。

Making environmental decision on the basis of respecting plural values helps to alleviate value conflicts.Natural Resources not only have economic value,but also have ecological value,scientific value,social value,aesthetic value,cultural value,historical value,religious value,medical value and so on.These values have the characteristics of incommensurable and incomparable,and there are value conflicts and value ambiguity between these values.Direct market evaluation method can calculate the economic value of natural resources,but it cannot measure the plural value of natural resources.The revealed preference method and the stated preference method can be used to evaluate the plural value of natural resources.There are differences in the research basis,application scope,application conditions and methods of obtaining preference among different environmental valuation methods.Quantitative assessment of the plural value of natural resources can provide technical support for environmental decision.