内蒙古中西部典型矿区排土场植被覆盖变化与植物种类组成分析

Analysis on Vegetation Evolution Processing in Four Opencast Coal Mine Dumps in Central-western Inner Mongolia

露天煤矿开采过程中的强烈人为扰动对植被覆盖的影响已成为恢复生态学研究的焦点之一。为了对干旱、半干旱生态脆弱地区植被恢复提供依据,应用实地物种调查和2001年、2002年、2004年、2013年及2017年卫星Landsat8的OLI影像解译,以及归一化植被指数(NDVI)分析,对内蒙古中西部四个典型露天煤矿排土场的植物覆盖状况进行了统计分析。结果表明:(1)四个典型露天煤矿排土场因为所处地区不同,建成时间不同,人为扰动程度不同导致排土场植被差异较大;(2)四个煤矿排土场的优势物种分布为:阿拉善盟太西煤矿以豆科、禾本科、菊科和藜科为主,乌海市源兴煤矿以藜科、豆科和禾本科为主,鄂尔多斯市黑岱沟煤矿以菊科为主,锡林郭勒盟胜利一号煤矿以禾本科为主;(3)四个煤矿排土场均处于干旱半干旱区,NDVI的整体水平偏低。在三个卫星影像时段的排土场其地表类型的植被覆盖率具有相同的变动趋势。

The influence of serious artificial disturbance on vegetation coverage during opencast coal mining has become one of the hot issues of restoration ecology.To provide basis for vegetation restoration in ecological fragile areas of arid and semi-arid,the OLI image interpretation of satellite Landsat 8 in 2001,2002,2004,2013,as well as 2017,combined with the on-the-spot investigation of the plant species to conduct the mathematical statistical analysis on the plant coverage of four typical open-pit coal mines in central and western Inner Mongolia based on normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI).The results showed that(1)the vegetations in waste dump of the four typical open-pit coal mines were different due to the different of areas located,time of construction and severity of human disturbance;(2)the dominant species in the four coal mine dump sites were different,namely,Alxa dominated by Leguminosae,Compositae,Graminea and Chenopodiaceae,Wuhai mining area dominated by Chenopodiaceae,Leguminosae and Gramineae,Heidaigou mining area in Zhunqi dominated by Compositae,and Shengli No.1 mine in Ximeng dominated by Leguminosae;(3)NDVI were generally in low level due to the fact that the dump sites in the four mining areas were all located in arid and semi-arid areas.