毛皮动物新冠病毒监测简报

Overview on the Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Fur Animals

2019新型冠状病毒病(COVID-19)给公共卫生安全带来巨大危害,但目前引起该病的新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)来源还未有定论。现有证据显示,SARS-CoV-2与分离自蝙蝠和穿山甲的SARS-CoV-2病毒株同源性相近,表明蝙蝠和穿山甲可能作为SARS-CoV-2的中间宿主存在。目前,丹麦、荷兰和美国等国家已有人工饲养水貂及饲养场工作人员感染SARS-CoV-2的报道。试验研究显示,SARS-CoV-2可在雪貂上呼吸道复制,且雪貂对SARS-CoV-2高度易感,表明雪貂可作为一种SARS-CoV-2感染和传播的动物模型。2020年2—7月,本课题组对山东、吉林、辽宁、黑龙江等毛皮动物主要养殖省份的水貂样品进行SARS-CoV-2病原及抗体监测。利用WHO推荐的real-time RT-PCR检测方法,对328份水貂内脏组织及咽拭子样品进行检测,结果所有样品均为SARS-CoV-2阴性;采用北京万泰生物药业有限公司提供的SARS-CoV-2抗体检测ELISA试剂盒,对35份水貂血清样品进行抗体检测,结果样品中抗SARS-CoV-2抗体均为阴性。由于国内养殖多为密集型庭院养殖,养殖人员与水貂密切接触,且国外已有养殖场水貂大规模感染SARS-CoV-2的先例,为保障毛皮动物行业健康发展,此次监测重点对我国北方地区毛皮动物养殖场进行采样,结果并未发现毛皮动物携带SARS-CoV-2和针对SARS-CoV-2的抗体。这可能与目前我国人群的低SARS-CoV-2感染率和未有养殖场工人感染有关。本实验室已建立了检测毛皮动物及宠物的SARS-CoV-2抗原及抗体检测方法,在目前全球COVID-19疫情的严峻形势下,未来仍需对毛皮动物及宠物进行长期的SARS-CoV-2流行病学监测。

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has brought great harm to public health safety,but the source of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)causing COVID-19 has not been concluded.It was shown that,by available evidences,the virus was with similar homology with the SARS-CoV-2 isolated from bats and pangolins,which indicated that bats and pangolins might act as the intermediate hosts for the virus.It was reported that captive minks and farm workers had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Denmark,Netherlands and the United States.According to related study,SARS-CoV-2 could replicate on the upper respiratory tract of ferrets who were highly susceptible to the virus,which indicated that ferrets could be used as an animal model of infection and transmission of the virus.In February to July of 2020,the mink samples collected from Shandong,Jilin,Liaoning,Heilongjiang and other provinces where most fur animals were kept were monitored for pathogen and antibody of SARSCoV-2,328 visceral tissue samples and throat swabs were detected by the real-time RT-PCR assay recommended by WHO,and all the samples turned out to be negative;meanwhile,35 serum samples were detected by use of the ELISA kit provided by Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy,and all the samples were negative for the antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.The operators had been in close contact with minks due to intensive courtyard farming,especially,there had been cases of minks infected with SARS-CoV-2 on a large scale in foreign countries.In order to safeguard healthy development of fur animal industry,the farms were monitored and sampled as a priority.No SARS-CoV-2 or relevant antibody were found in any fur animals,which might benefit from low infection rate in populations and the absence of infection in farm workers in China.The method for detecting pathogen and antibody of SARS-CoV-2 in fur animals and pets was established by our laboratory,and epidemiological surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in fur animals and pets should be continued for long term in the future in response to current severe situation of COVID-19 across the world.