乡村旅游核心利益相关者协调发展评价研究--以青海省海东市互助土族自治县小庄村为例

Analysis of Core Stakeholders’Coordinated Development Evaluation in Rural Tourism——A Case Study of Xiaozhuang Village,Qinghai Province

文章基于利益相关者理论的视角,选取青海省海东市互助县小庄村为案例地,通过田野调查和文献梳理分析出核心利益相关者的利益诉求和矛盾冲突,并构建乡村旅游核心利益相关者协调发展评价体系,采用EWMFuzzy综合评价模型和灰色关联模型对地方政府、旅游企业、社区居民及外来游客四类核心利益相关者利益诉求的紧急程度、利益关系协调发展状态及整体协调发展关系进行测评分析。研究表明,小庄村四类核心利益相关者对不同利益诉求的整体感知较好,不同利益诉求的紧急程度和协调发展状态均存在如下较大差异:四类核心利益相关者的利益诉求主要处于中度协调和轻度协调两种发展状态,优质协调发展状态的利益诉求表现相对较少,且存在濒临失调发展状态的利益诉求表现;小庄村旅游核心利益相关者相互间的协调发展关系呈现出多元化的发展状态,地方政府、旅游企业同其他利益相关者的利益关系协调发展的影响大小顺序完全一致,地方政府、社区居民同其他利益相关者的利益关系协调发展的影响大小顺序相对应,而外来游客、社区居民同其他利益相关者的利益关系协调发展的影响大小顺序基本相反;小庄村旅游核心利益相关者协调发展路径组合未达到纳什均衡状态,其协调发展模式为非对称互惠协调发展模式。上述验证结果与小庄村旅游发展的实际情况基本吻合,证明了评价体系的科学性。

Based on Stakeholder Theory,the paper takes Xiaozhuang Village of Huzhu County,Qinghai Province as a case to analyze the interest demands and conflicts of core stakeholders through field investigation and literature review,and construct an evaluation system for the coordinated development of rural tourism core stakeholders.It uses EWM-Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and Grey correlation model to evaluate and analyze the urgency of interest demands,the coordinated development state of interest relations and the overall coordinated development relationship of four core stakeholders,namely local government,tourism enterprises,community residents and tourists.The findings reveal that the four core stakeholders in Xiaozhuang Village hold a preferable perception of different interest,but obvious differences exist in urgency and coordinated development of interest as follows.The interest demands of the four core stakeholders are mainly in two development states:moderate coordination and mild coordination.The interest demands of the high-quality coordinated development state are relatively few,and unbalanced development appear time to time.The coordinated development relationship between tourism core stakeholders in Xiaozhuang Village presents a diversified development state,the influence order of coordinated development between local government,tourism enterprises and other stakeholders is completely consistent and corespondent,while the influence order of coordinated development between tourists,community residents and other stakeholders is basically opposite.The path combination of coordinated development of tourism core stakeholders in Xiaozhuang Village has not reached Nash equilibrium,and its coordinated development mode is asymmetric but mutually beneficial.The above verification results are basically consistent with the actual situation of tourism development in Xiaozhuang Village,which proves that the evaluation system is scientific.