大数据背景下英国公务员数据能力建设的路径与启示——一项制度文本分析

On How to Develop British Civil Servants’Data Capacity in the Context of Big Data and Its Enlightenment:a Textual Analysis of the System

当前,世界各国纷纷发展大数据战略,利用大数据驱动政府治理现代化转轨,具备驾驭数据的素养与技能成为大数据背景下公务员能力现代化的必然要求。英国是较早实施大数据战略的国家之一,并且提出了世界上首个数据能力国家战略,重点推进公务员群体的数据能力建设。为了揭示英国推进公务员数据能力建设的路径与模式,基于制度理论构建了一个战略(Strategy)—结构(Structure)—标准(Standard)的“3S”制度分析框架,应用制度文本分析方法,解释英国公务员数据能力建设的战略选择、结构设计和标准化路径。研究发现英国公务员数据能力建设的战略选择以造福公众、建设世界一流公务员队伍服务于国家竞争力提升为最终使命,结构层面全面调动政府内部主体和政府外部主体共同承担公务员数据能力培育责任,并通过构建强制性和精细化的公务员数据能力素养标准和技能标准增强其制度执行力。最后,提出了我国培育公务员数据能力的参考性启示。

Countries all over the world have been developing big data strategies nowadays.They modernize the governance by the government with big data,so the quality of applying data has become an inevitable requirement for the modernizing civil servants’capabilities in the context of big data.The United Kingdom is one of the countries that implemented the big data strategy earlier,and proposed the world’s first national strategy for data capabilities,focusing on the promotion of data capabilities for civil servants.To reveal the process and model of the UK’s promotion for developing civil servants’data capacity,a“3S”(strategy-structure-standard)system analysis framework was constructed based on system theory,together with the system text analysis method,and the strategic choice,structural design and standardization path of British civil servants’data capacity building were illustrated.The study found that the strategic choice for the data capacity building was to build a world-class civil servant team to benefit the public and was served to improve national competitiveness.At the structural level,it actively and comprehensively mobilized the internal and external entities of the government to jointly assume the responsibility of cultivating civil servants’data capacity,and built compulsory and refined standards for the quality and skills concerned so as to enhance the implementation of its system.Finally,this paper proposed reference and enlightenment for cultivating the data capacity of China’s civil servants.