法医学颅面复原技术的研究进展及展望

Research Progress and Prospect of Facial Reconstruction in Forensic Science

颅面复原是在未识别的颅骨基础上,基于解剖学、人类学、艺术以及计算机技术等学科,进行软组织复原以期恢复面部形态的一种方法,在法医学、口腔整形外科学和考古学等领域均有一定的应用,尤其对法医学中无名尸体的尸源认定具有重要作用。颅面复原是在其他方法(如DNA比对、影像学匹配或齿学信息比对等)都无法识别个体身份情况下的补充鉴别手段。面部软组织厚度资料是进行颅面复原的基础,随着影像学和计算机科学的发展,面部软组织的测量方法有了快速的进展。本文对颅面复原在法医学中的应用、不同方法的准确性以及此领域的研究进展进行概述,以期对该领域研究提供参考。

Facial reconstruction is a way to recover facial morphology by restoring soft tissues based on unidentified skulls using the knowledge of anatomy,anthropology,aesthetics,and computer science.It is applied in forensic science,oral plastic surgery and archeology,and especially plays an important role in the identification of the origin of the unknown corpses in forensic science.Facial reconstruction is the supplementary means of identification when other approaches(such as DNA comparison,imaging matching,dental records comparison,etc.)cannot identify individual identity.Facial soft tissue thickness(FSTT)is the basis of facial reconstruction and with the development of imaging and computer science,the techniques for measuring FSTT are improving rapidly and many related researches have appeared.This paper summarizes the application of facial reconstruction in forensic science,the accuracy of different methods and the research progress of this field to provide reference to this field.