新疆维吾尔族人群外耳的性别特征及分布规律

Sex Characteristics and Distribution of External Ear in Uygur Population of Xin⁃jiang

目的通过直接观察维吾尔族成人外耳特征并对各特征分类,分析维吾尔族成人双侧外耳特点,计算各特征频率分布,为法医学同一认定提供参考。方法收集210例(男性75例、女性135例)符合纳入标准的新疆维吾尔族成人双侧外耳照片,记录外耳各特征出现的频率,并在两性及左右侧之间进行区分,采用SPSS 21.0软件包对数据进行统计分析。结果男女性外耳形状,以斜形和长方形较多见(男性斜形外耳左右侧分别为34.67%、41.33%;女性长方形外耳左右侧均为30.37%),三角形为罕见变异形,最为少见。耳轮形态有两性及左右侧差异,正常卷曲型耳轮最常见(左耳,男性占58.67%,女性占61.48%;右耳,男性占60.00%,女性占72.59%),男性左侧以覆盖耳舟型最少见,女性右侧以平坦型最少见。方形耳垂和游离型耳垂最常见(左耳,男性占49.33%,女性占62.96%;右耳,男性占40.00%,女性占54.81%),三角形耳垂几乎未见。单突起耳屏(左耳,男性占40.00%,女性占37.78%;右耳,男性占37.33%,女性占33.33%)和突起型达尔文结节(左耳,男性为50.67%,女性为40.00%;右耳,男性为48.00%,女性为39.26%)较常见。结论男女性维吾尔族成人双侧外耳特征存在差异,可用于法医学同一认定。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of the bilateral external ears of Uygur adults by directly observing the morphological characteristics of the external ears of Uygur adults and classifying each feature.The frequency distribution of the characteristics was calculated to provide reference for forensic identification.Methods The 210 cases(75 males and 135 females)of bilateral external ear photos of Uygur adults in Xinjiang that met the inclusion criteria were collected.The frequencies of the features of the external ear were recorded and distinguished between the two sexes and the different sides.The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 21.0 statistical software.Results The shapes of the external ears of males and females were commonly oblique or rectangular(34.67%of the left external ear of males and 41.33%of the right were oblique;30.37%of the left and right external ear of females were rectangular),while triangular ears were the rare variants and the least common.Sex and bilateral differences were observed as regards the form of the helix in the subjects.Normally rolled helix was the most common(58.67%males and 61.48%females for the left ear;60.00%males and 72.59%females for the right ear).Wide covering scapha helix was the most rare for the male left ear and flat helix was the most rare for the female right ear.Square and free earlobes were the most common(49.33%males and 62.96%females for the left ear;40.00%males and 54.81%females for the right ear),whereas triangular earlobes were rarely seen.Single knob tragus(40.00%males and 37.78%females for the left ear;37.33%males and 33.33%females for the right ear)and projection type of Darwin’s tubercle(50.67%males and 40.00%females for the left ear;48.00%males and 39.26%females for the right ear)were found to be common.Conclusion The characteristics of the bilateral external ears of male and female Uygur adults have differences,which can be used for forensic identification.