高阶车轮多边形对轮轨系统振动影响分析

Influences of higher order wheel polygon on vibration of wheel-rail system

高阶车轮多边形会对车辆动力学性能造成恶劣影响,增大轮轨力,引起车辆和轨道系统的剧烈振动,对钢轨及车轮踏面造成疲劳破坏,产生疲劳裂纹及不均匀磨耗等,形成很大的噪声污染。刚柔耦合系统动力学理论,构建车辆-轨道系统刚柔偶合动力学模型,考虑轨道、轮对(含制动盘)、轴承与轴箱的柔性以及刚性构架与车体,分析不同车速、不同多边形阶次及波深对轮对、制动盘、轴箱振动特性的影响,研究了车轴与制动盘之间的振动传递关系。此外还通过添加紧急制动工况,分析制动工况对制动盘横向振动的影响,并对比了不同部位制动盘的振动特性。最后通过试验验证了模型的可靠性。

Higher-order wheel polygon can have bad effects on vehicle dynamic performance, increase wheel-rail force, cause severe vibration of a vehicle-track system, cause fatigue damage to rail and wheel tread, produce fatigue cracks and uneven wear, and form a large noise pollution. Here, the rigid-flexible coupled dynamic model of a vehicle-rail system was constructed based on the rigid-flexible coupled system dynamics theory considering flexibility of track, wheel pair(including brake disc), bearing and axle box as well as rigid frame and car body. Effects of train speed, wheel polygon order and wave depth on vibration characteristics of wheel pairs, brake discs and axle boxeswere analyzed, and vibration transfer relations between axle and brake disc were studied. In addition, by adding emergency braking conditions, influences of braking conditions on lateral vibration of brake disc were analyzed, and vibration characteristics of brake discs at different positions were compared. Finally, the reliability of the proposed model was verified with tests.