中国省域博物馆服务效率区域差异:走势、原因及启示

Regional Differences in Operation Efficiency of Provincial Museums in China:Trend,Reasons,and Implications

博物馆是地区公共文化服务体系的重要组成部分。通过引入平衡计分卡理论(BSC)构建三阶段DEA拓展模型,可规避单一DEA分析存在的指标选取依据不足以及未考虑外部环境影响等问题,利用2017年截面数据对中国省域博物馆服务效率进行测算并比较区域差异,结果发现:全国层面,多数地区博物馆仍处于规模报酬递增阶段,但受制于规模不足,博物馆服务效率整体偏低;区域层面,博物馆服务效率呈现典型的由东向西梯度减弱的不平衡特点。除管理和规模等内部因素之外,经济发展水平、政府支持力度、高等教育水平、财政分权程度和财政支出偏好等外部因素也对中国省域博物馆服务效率的区域差异造成潜在影响。基于效率视角,当前政府部门对博物馆的治理方式亟需由“财政补贴”向“政策引导”转变,即适度压缩财政补贴力度,出台宽松政策引导博物馆提升自我管理和自我“造血”能力。

The museum is an important part of regional public cultural service system.By introducing the Balanced Scorecard theory(BSC)to construct a three-stage DEA expansion model,our research avoids problems such as insufficient basis for index selection and no consideration of the impact of external environment when only DEA is used.We use the cross-sectional data in 2017 to measure the service efficiency of provincial museums in China and compare their differences.Our findings are as follows:at national level,most regional museums still increase in the returns to scale,but their operation efficiency is generally low due to small scale;at regional level,museums show imbalance with the operation efficiency typical decreasing from east to west.Apart from internal factors such as management and scale,external factors such as economic development,government support,higher education,degree of fiscal decentralization and fiscal expenditure preference may also impact regional differences in service efficiency of provincial museums in China.From the perspective of efficiency,currently the government should change from“fiscal subsidies”to“policy guidance”in the governance of museums,namely,to appropriately reduce financial subsidies and introduce loose policies to guide museums to improve management and ability for self-development.