艾米莉·狄金森的家园书写与文化身份

Emily Dickinson’s home writing and cultural identity

家园是人类文学艺术亘古长青的主题之一。对美国诗人艾米莉·狄金森而言,幽居一隅的“家宅”既是其栖居的物理场所,也是一座充满无限可能的房子,是其一生思想、精神及心灵的巢穴。狄金森的家园想象与书写蕴含了其对家园的精神追寻,其中富含超越性别与时代的家园情怀和家园意识。通过对家园符号的解码,狄金森从观察体悟自然家园的“内在之眼”超越以自然家园为主的文化书写,转向关注人类。同时,借助定义、再定义自然本体与提升主观自然,狄金森最终介入19世纪美国国别文学主体性身份、国民性及家园意识的社会建构。狄金森的家园已具有一种异乎寻常的想象力、美国文学的民族认同性与民族精神之间的逻辑关联,且演变为创建国家文化身份与文化记忆、表达家国意识和社会认同感的某种核心工具。

Home is one of the enduring and prevailing subjects in human literature and art.American classic poetess Emily Dickinson is well-known for her idiosyncratic reclusion and nature writing.To her,home is not only her physical residence,but also a house with infinite possibilities,a lair for her thoughts,spirit and soul all through her life.Dickinson’s imagination and writing of home reflects her spiritual quest for home,which also contains her homestead feelings and consciousness beyond her gender and her time.By decoding home as a sign,Dickinson turns to the whole humankind from her observance and experience of natural homestead as an internal eye by surpassing the cultural writing oriented by natural home.Meanwhile,by defining and redefining nature subjectivity and elevating subject nature,Dickinson finally involves herself in the subjective identity of the nineteenth-century American national literature,its nationality and social construction of homestead awareness.Thus,Dickinson’s home has become a logic chain among extraordinary imagination,national identification of American literature and national spirit,as well as a kind of core tool to construct the nation’s cultural identity and cultural memory,and to express the consciousness of home and nation as well as social recognition.