浅析电解质中离子输运的微观物理图像

Brief overview of microscopic physical image of ion transport in electrolytes

解析离子在电解质中的输运特征所表现出的微观物理图像,对于调控离子传导行为具有重要的指导意义.本文系统总结了离子在液态、有机聚合物和无机固态电解质中的离子输运物理图像及其影响因素,通过分析各种输运物理模型并比较三类电解质中的离子输运机制,提炼出勾勒离子输运物理图像的相关描述因子.输运介质的物理形态从连续流体到柔性载体再到刚性骨架的演变过程中,离子输运图像由各类电解质的固有属性与外部条件共同刻画,其中介质无序性占据主导作用.揭示电解质结构和离子电导率及输运过程等动力学行为之间的科学规律,有利于发展基于离子输运微观物理图像的传导离子动力学性能调控方法.

Analyzing the microscopic physical image of the ion transport characteristics has important guiding significance for improving the ion conduction behavior in the electrolytes.In this article,we summarize the factors influencing the physical images of ion transport in liquid,organic polymer and inorganic solid electrolytes.The descriptive factors relating to the ion transport physical image are refined by analyzing various transport physical models and comparing the ion transport mechanisms in the three types of electrolytes.In the evolution of the physical state from continuous fluid to flexible carrier to rigid framework,the ion transport image is characterized by the inherent properties of various electrolytes and external conditions,in which the disorder of the medium plays a dominant role.Revealing the relationships between the electrolyte structure and dynamic behaviors with the ion conductivity and transport process is conducive to the development of the method of controlling the dynamic performance of conducting ion based on the microphysical image of ion transport.