从社会文化的视角看健康与教育的阶层差异

Understanding social class disparities in health and education from a sociocultural perspective

如何缩小健康和教育的阶层差异,促进社会公平是世界各国普遍关心的社会问题。已有的社会阶层心理研究取向中,社会文化视角从不同阶层的文化所塑造的不同自我出发,提出了解释社会阶层生产和再生产的文化循环理论和提升低阶层社会适应水平的差异教育方法,这些理论观点为教育与健康的阶层差异提供了超越个体或环境任何单一因素的系统解释,并提供了着眼于社会心理重塑的干预方案以减少健康和教育的不平等。未来社会文化视角的研究和实践工作的可能方向包括理论和干预实践的中国化,与其他社会阶层理论和社会公正视角相结合,以及考察社会流动与文化变迁背景的影响。

How to reduce social class disparities in health and education and improve social equality has drawn widely concerns across the world.Among current approaches in social class psychology,the sociocultural perspective emphasizes on how social class contexts shape the self and corresponding patterns of thinking,feeling,and acting.Starting from the class-specific self,sociocultural perspective further provides systematic explanations on how social class culture is produced and maintained(i.e.,social class cycles),as well as difference education as a means to improve the adaptations of the lower-class.These theoretical perspectives incorporate and extend previous key tenets of the individual and structural models of behavior.In addition,the sociocultural perspective provides new tools for developing social-psychological interventions which aim at reducing social class disparities in health and education.Future research from the sociocultural perspective could focus on sinicization of the theory and corresponding interventions,integration with other approaches in social class psychology and social justice perspective,and examining the effects of social mobility and cultural change on social class psychology.