海洋沉积地层多功能取样钻具研制

Development of the Mutiple-Function Drill Tool for Core Sampling in Marine Sedimentary Strata

目前,海洋钻探主要采用提钻或绳索打捞的方式获取岩心。随着对取心质量和采取率要求越来越高,再加上海底沉积层变化多样,单一的取样器具已经不能满足当前的取样需要。为此,本文研制了一种海洋沉积地层多功能取样钻具,能够根据海底地层性质,开展低扰动、高品质的取样操作。通过海洋钻进取样试验表明,针对海底的淤泥、粘土及砂质地层,超前取样钻具、液压剪切取样钻具和半合管取样钻具能够有效获取海底的沉积层岩样,平均采取率为73.34%。研制的多功能取样钻具采用超前取样和液压压入取样技术,降低了对沉积物岩心的扰动,提升了岩心品质和采取率,为下一步的工程化应用奠定了基础。

At present,marine core-taking drilling commonly adopts the lifting drill-pipe or wire-line fishing.With the increasing requirements on the coring quality and recovery rate,plus varieties of seafloor sediments,such a single sampling tool cannot meet current sampling needs.To solve this problem,this work has developed a multifunctional tool of marine core sampling that can conduct low-disturbance,high-quality sampling operation according to properties of seabed formations.Marine drill sampling experiments show that at the site with seabed silt,clay and sand,this new drilling tool,consisting of the advancing core sampler,hydraulic shear core sampler and semi-closed pipe core sampler,can effectively take sediment core samples with an average rate of 73.34%.This multifunctional sampling drill tool adopts pilot sampling and hydraulic pressure sampling technology,which can reduce disturbance to sediment core and improve core quality and recovery rate,laying a foundation for further engineering application.