从经济共同体到文化共同体:传统手工艺传承与老城区社会整合——以喀什土陶为例

From an Economic Community to a Cultural Community:The Inheritance of Traditional Handicrafts and the Social Integration of Kashgar Old City in the Perspective of Kashgar Pottery Culture

喀什老城是一个民族混居、文化多元的社区。为了满足生活起居的多种需要,手工造物成为老城人的谋生之道和精神文化的组成内容。土陶艺人将生活空间兼做生产劳动空间,以及物品交换、巴扎交易的经济交往空间,在“家庭院落”内完成了多重空间的文化整合。喀什老城以强大的文化兼容性将个体吸纳到集体之中,将人、物、资金引流,形成了社会群体聚合和相对稳定的经济共同体;又将多源文化整合到本土文化体系之中,使文化汇流,形成了新的文化共同体。社会整合改变着老城的地方文化体系,它将当地人作为主体的文化生产,推向不同主体共同创造的更多元的文化体系构建,完成了老城文化体系的再生产,团结起更广泛的地方社会。

Kashgar old city is a multi-ethnic and multicultural community.The handicraft culture of the old city has become the livelihood of the people and an important part of their spiritual life.The pottery craftsmen make the living space as the production or working space,as well as a business space of goods exchange or a bazaar,having completed the cultural integration of multiple spaces within the family yard.Kashgar old city has integrated individuals into groups with its strong cultural compatibility,attracted together people,things and funds,and formed the social polymerization of different groups and the relatively stable economic community.It also integrates the multi-source culture into the local culture,making the cultures integrated and forming a new cultural community.Social integration has changed the local cultural system of the old city,pushed the cultural production of the local people as the major participants towards the construction of a new cultural system jointly created by different participating groups,completed the reproduction of the old city’s cultural system,and united a broader civil society.