川藏铁路拉林段隧道典型岩爆灾害防控方法及应用

Prevention and Control Method for Typical Rock Burst Disaster in Lhasa-Linzhi Section Tunnel of Sichuan-Tibet Railway and Its Application

以川藏铁路拉林段巴玉隧道为工程依托,遵循"预报为先、控制为本、加强防护、确保安全"的隧道岩爆防控原则,研究提出1套隧道典型岩爆灾害防控方法。该方法由6项子技术组成:基于现场发生的典型岩爆,统计分析岩爆发生的规律和特征;根据地质构造、围岩特性、宏观地应力,对隧道岩爆等级进行预判;基于现场地应力测试和超前地质预报,对岩爆微震进行监测,确定岩爆等级、发生时间和位置,对岩爆风险进行预警;根据岩爆风险等级设计岩爆防控方案,包括工法选择、预防措施、施工措施;形成主动释放、提高光爆、加强支护、机械配套、防护升级系列施工质量控制方法;安全防护技术,包括人员保护、机械保护、施工管理。该防控方法已成功应用于拉林段巴玉、桑珠岭、达嘎拉等隧道的岩爆防治中。

Based on the project of Bayu tunnel in Lhasa-Linzhi section of Sichuan-Tibet Railway, and following the prevention and control principle of "forecast first, control oriented, strengthen protection and ensure safety"for rock burst in tunnel, a set of prevention and control methods for typical rock burst disasters in tunnels was studied and proposed. The methods consisted of six sub-technologies: based on the typical rock burst occurring in the field, the law and characteristics of rock burst occurrence were statistically analyzed;according to the geological structure, surrounding rock characteristics and macroscopic ground stress, the rock burst grade of the tunnel was prejudged;based on in-situ stress testing and advance geological forecast, rock burst microseismic monitoring was carried out to determine rock burst grade, occurrence time and location, and early warning of rock burst risk was given;rock burst prevention and control measures were designed according to rock burst risk grade, including construction method selection, prevention measures and construction measures;a series of construction quality control methods, such as active release, improvement of light explosion, strengthening support, mechanical matching and protection upgrading, were formed;safety protection technology, including personnel protection, mechanical protection and construction management. The protection methods have been successfully applied to the rock burst prevention and control of Bayu, Sangzhuling and Dagala tunnels and so on in Lhasa-Linzhi section.