社会化服务的双重组织化:小农户与现代农业的衔接机制——基于土地托管模式的分析

Dual Organization of Social Service:The Connection Mechanism between Small Farmers and Modern Agriculture——Based on the Analysis of Land Trusteeship Model

我国大国小农的基本国情决定了现阶段小农户在农业农村发展中的主体性地位。新时代推进农业农村现代化必须回答"小农户与现代农业衔接"的重要命题。基于土地托管模式的经验,研究发现通过重构社会化服务体系的供给端和需求端,在供需双重组织化的基础上,发展服务规模经营,可以将小农户导向现代农业生产的轨道。土地托管模式中,社会化服务供给端通过市场下沉与市场合作形成了规模化的服务,社会化服务需求端则通过农村集体经济组织对小农户的组织动员形成统一需求,为服务规模化供给落地提供基础。农村集体经济组织在土地整合、统防统治、利益协调等方面发挥"统一经营"功能,促进了规模化服务的供需对接,而多方共赢的利益分配机制则为集体组织提供了有效激励,确保了土地托管模式的可持续发展。

The specific situation of small-scale farmers in China determines the main position of small-scale farmers in the development of agricultural and rural areas.In order to promote the modernization of agriculture and countryside in the new era,we must respond to the important proposition of“the integration of small farmers and modern agriculture”.Based on the experience of the land trusteeship model,the research finds that by reconstructing the supply side and the demand side of the social service system,the development of scale service management can guide small farmers to the track of modern agricultural production.In the mode of land trusteeship,the market sinking and the market cooperation at the supply end of social services produce large-scale services,while the demand end of social services forms a unified demand through the organization and mobilization of small farmers by rural collective economic organizations,which provides the foundation for the implementation of large-scale services.Rural collective economic organizations play the function of“unified management”in land integration,unified defense rule,interest coordination,etc.,which promotes the supply and demand docking of large-scale services,and the multi-win benefit distribution mechanism provides an effective incentive for collective organizations and ensures the sustainable development of land trusteeship model.