经济开放对城乡收入差距的影响研究——基于省级面板数据的实证分析

The Impact of Economic Opening on Urban Rural Income Gap: An Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data

改革开放以来,我国经济快速增长,居民收入随之大幅提高,但也造成了城乡收入差距扩大的不平衡发展。基于1995年至2018年的省级面板数据,通过实证分析贸易开放和投资开放对城乡收入差距的影响,发现贸易和投资的开放有助于缩小收入差距,其中贸易开放的作用更为显著。引入地区差异之后,贸易开放仍然具有负效应,但是这种效应不显著;投资开放对收入差距的影响出现分化,其缩小了中西部地区的收入差距,但显著地促进了东部地区的城乡收入差距扩大。考虑到贸易和投资开放带来的技术外溢效应,进一步对其影响进行了验证,在所有样本分析中技术进步都显著地扩大了城乡收入差距。解决收入差距扩大的核心在于提升广义人力资本的积累,即通过平民阶层教育的普及和受教育程度的提高,形成以人民为中心的良性新经济循环体系,最终实现公平分享的高质量发展。

Since the reform and opening up,China's economy has been growing rapidly,and the income of residents has been greatly increased,but it has also led to the unbalanced development of urban rural income gap.Based on the panel analysis of trade and investment from 1995 to 2018,it is found that the opening-up of trade and investment will help to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas.After the introduction of regional differences,trade openness still has a negative effect,but this effect is not significant;the impact of investment opening on income gap appears differentiation,which narrows the income gap in the central and western regions,but significantly promotes the expansion of the income gap between urban and rural areas in the eastern region.Considering the technology spillover effect brought by trade and investment openness,this paper further verifies the impact.In all sample analysis,technological progress significantly widens the urban-rural income gap.The core of solving the widening income gap lies in enhancing the accumulation of generalized human capital,that is,through the popularization of education and the improvement of education level of the common people,a benign new economic cycle system centered on the people will be formed,and finally the high-quality development of fair sharing can be realized.