寻找全球问题的中国方案:海洋塑料垃圾及微塑料污染治理体系的问题与对策

Looking for a Chinese solution to global problems:the situation and countermeasures of marine plastic waste and microplastics pollution governance system in China

海洋塑料垃圾及微塑料污染严重影响着海洋生态系统健康以及海洋经济的可持续发展,被列为全球亟待解决的十大环境问题之一,因此有必要构建科学系统的海洋塑料垃圾与微塑料污染治理体系,进一步采取强有力措施,从根本上遏制和扭转我国海洋垃圾问题日益凸显的趋势。本文首先从蓝色经济的可持续发展、泛塑料产业的结构升级以及公众的健康意识提升三个层面阐释了我国开展海洋塑料垃圾与微塑料污染治理的现实意义;其次,从形成机理、迁移路径以及损害表现三个方面总结了其有别于陆源污染的特殊性,从而指出海洋塑料垃圾及微塑料污染治理体系设计的内在需求;接着,从机制、主体、对象和措施四个层面梳理国际国内的治理策略和行动方案,总结现有海洋塑料垃圾与微塑料污染治理体系存在的问题,并分别给出未来需要改进的方向;最后,提出若干加快构建我国海洋塑料垃圾与微塑料污染治理体系的对策建议,包括形成跨部门的陆海一体化综合防治体系、全生命周期的废物管理过程、多元参与的海洋生态环境治理模式以及全球协力的海洋污染共防共治体系等。

As one of the top ten environmental problems to be solved in the world,marine plastic waste and microplastic pollution seriously affect the health of marine ecosystem and the sustainable development of Marine economy.It is necessary to promote the establishment of a scientific and systematic Marine plastic waste and microplastic pollution control system,and take strong measures to fundamentally curb and reverse the trend of marine pollution intensification in China.This paper first explains the practical significance of marine plastic waste and microplastic pollution control from three aspects:the sustainable development of blue economy,the structural upgrading of the pan-plastic industry,and the improvement of public health awareness.Secondly,the particularity of marine plastic waste and microplastic pollution control system is summarized from three aspects of formation mechanism,migration path and damage performance.Then,it identifies domestic and international governance strategies and action plans from the perspectives of mechanism,subject,object and measures,summarizes existing problems in the existing marine plastic waste and microplastic pollution control system,and gives directions for future improvement.Finally,some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to accelerate the construction of China's marine plastic waste and microplastic pollution control system,including the formation of a cross-sectoral integrated land and sea control system,a full life cycle waste management process,a multi-participation model for marine ecological and environmental governance,and a global marine pollution prevention and control system.