环境规制的绿色创新双边效应

Bilateral effects of environmental regulation on green innovation

文章基于我国2007—2018年30个省、市的面板数据,采用双边随机前沿模型,对环境规制影响绿色创新效率的创新补偿效应、遵规成本效应及净效应进行分解,并对其规律特征进行分析。研究结果表明:①环境规制对绿色创新效率的遵规成本效应要小于创新补偿效应,使得环境规制的综合效应为正,即“波特假说”在样本内得到验证。环境规制对绿色创新效率的遵规成本效应平均为0.0016,创新补偿效应平均为0.1841,这使得环境规制对绿色创新效率的净效应平均为0.1825。平均而言,环境规制的创新补偿效应使得绿色创新效率高于前沿水平18.41%,而环境规制的遵规成本效应使得绿色创新效率低于前沿水平0.16%,两者抵消后的综合作用使得绿色创新效率高于前沿水平18.25%。环境规制对绿色创新效率的影响中,遵规成本效应占比5.11%,创新补偿效应占比高达94.89%,环境规制对总方差的解释力度为81.61%。②环境规制对绿色创新效率驱动效应的大小呈2012年前增加其后降低的“倒U型”时间分布特征。③环境规制对绿色创新效率驱动效应较大的区域多位于中西部地区,而东部一些市场化水平较高的地区,驱动效应较小。④绿色创新效率驱动存在环境规制和市场之间的权衡问题。市场化水平越高的地区,反而环境规制的驱动效应越小,扭曲效应越大。据此,进一步提出制定适宜区域差异性的环境规制政策,在加强环境规制的过程中,制定绿色技术创新的激励政策,减少过激环境规制可能带来的负面影响等政策建议。

Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2018,this paper used the bilateral stochastic frontier model to decompose the innovation compensation effect,compliance cost effect and net effect of environmental regulation on the efficiency of green innovation,and to analyze its regular characteristics.The results are as follows:①The compliance cost effect of environmental regulation on green innovation efficiency was less than the innovation compensation effect,which made the comprehensive effect of environmental regulation positive,that is,the‘Porter Hypothesis’was verified in this sample.The average compliance cost effect of environmental regulation on green innovation efficiency was 0.0016,and the average innovation compensation effect was 0.1841,which made the average net effect of environmental regulation on green innovation efficiency 0.1825.On average,the innovation compensation effect of environmental regulation made the green innovation efficiency higher than the frontier level by 18.41%,while the compliance cost effect of environmental regulation made the green innovation efficiency lower than the frontier level by 0.16%.The comprehensive effect resulted from the offset of the two was to make the green innovation efficiency higher than the frontier level by 18.25%.Among the effects of environmental regulation on green innovation efficiency,compliance cost effect accounted for 5.11%,innovation compensation effect accounted for 94.89%,and the explanation of environmental regulation on total variance was 81.61%.②The driving effect of environmental regulation on green innovation efficiency was characterized by an‘inverted U’time distribution,which showed an increase before 2012 and a decrease after 2012.③The driving effect of environmental regulation on the efficiency of green innovation was mostly in the central and western regions,while in the eastern regions with higher level of marketization,the driving effect was less.④There was a trade-off between environmental regulation and market.The higher the level of marketization was,the smaller the driving effect of environmental regulation was and the greater the distortion effect was.Therefore,this paper further puts forward some policy suggestions,such as making appropriate environmental regulation policies to reflect regional differences,making incentive policies for green technology innovation in the process of strengthening environmental regulation,and reducing the possible negative impact of excessive environmental regulation.