藜麦籽粒主要营养及抗氧化成分遗传特性分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation of the Genetic Characteristics of Main Nutrients and Antioxidant Components in Quinoa Seeds

【目的】揭示藜麦主要营养及抗氧化成分含量并评价藜麦种质资源品质状况。【方法】以筛选出的89个藜麦高代品系为材料进行主要营养及抗氧化成分含量的测定,并进行相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。【结果】89个藜麦品系主要营养及抗氧化成分含量的平均变异系数为36.83%,说明在不同藜麦品系之间存在较大的遗传特性差异,各指标变异系数均高于20%。其中,维生素E的变异系数高达49.78%,遗传变异最大,表明其变异范围更广;可溶性蛋白的变异系数最小(20.09%),相对变幅较小。相关性分析表明:主要营养成分中总氨基酸与可溶性蛋白呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),总淀粉和可溶性糖呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),抗氧化成分中抗坏血酸和类黄酮呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。主成分分析显示:前5个主成分(可溶性蛋白、类黄酮、总氨基酸、可溶性糖和总淀粉含量)的累计贡献率高达88.36%。聚类分析将89个藜麦品系聚为5类,其遗传特性与来源和颜色没有必然联系。【结论】筛选出滇藜-2、滇藜-12、滇藜-14和滇藜-111等4个具有较高综合利用价值的高代品系。本研究可为藜麦主要营养及抗氧化成分遗传特性分析与评价及新品种选育提供理论参考和材料基础。

[Purpose]To reveal the main nutrition and antioxidant components and evaluate the quality of quinoa germplasm resources.[Method]Eighty-nine high-generation lines of quinoa were chosen as the materials to determine the main nutrition and antioxidant components and correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out.[Result]The average coefficient of variation of main nutrients and antioxidants content in 89 quinoa lines was 36.83%,which indicated that there were large differences in genetic characteristics among different quinoa lines.The coefficient of variation of each index was higher than 20%,especially the coefficient of variation of vitamin E was 49.78%with biggest genetic variation,furthermore,the coefficient of variation of soluble protein,which was the smallest(20.09%),with a relatively small change.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between total amino acids and soluble protein content(P<0.01),but there was a significant positive correlation between total starch and soluble sugar(P<0.01).Ascorbic acid and flavonoids in antioxidants showed a significant positive correlation(P<0.01).Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of five principal components(the content of soluble protein,flavonoids,total amino acid,soluble sugar and total starch)to variation was as high as 88.36%.Cluster analysis divided 89 quinoa lines into five categories,and their genetic characteristics were not necessarily related to the source and color.[Conclusion]From the analysis,the four quinoa lines such as Dianli-2,Dianli-12,Dianli-14 and Dianli-111 were chosen for their superior comprehensive utilization value.The research could provide theoretical reference and material basis for the analysis and evaluation of quinoa main nutrition and antioxidant components genetic characteristics and the breeding of new varieties.