夏季海兰褐蛋种鸡适宜环境温湿度研究

Study on the Suitable Environmental Temperature and Humidity for Hy-line Brown Layer Breeders in Summer

【目的】研究海兰褐蛋种鸡夏季适宜环境温湿度。【方法】在6栋有环控系统的鸡舍中,测定6—8月鸡舍的温度和湿度,记录30000羽0~26周龄海兰褐蛋种鸡的体质量、开产日龄、产蛋量、破蛋数和蛋总数,以及180000羽种鸡的孵化性能和60枚蛋的200日龄蛋品质;计算鸡舍日平均温度、湿度和温湿指数(temperature-humidity index,THI)、体质量均匀度和变异系数;分析种鸡适宜的THI范围。【结果】6—8月日平均温度、湿度和THI分别为22.07~30.51℃、61.88%~93.20%和70.70~82.46。种鸡育雏和育成期体质量及均匀度均可达标。种鸡开产日龄140 d,220日龄内平均产蛋率93.93%、破蛋率0.50%、受精率94.49%、受精蛋孵化率91.20%和受精蛋健雏率92.51%。舍内温度和THI均与产蛋率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),湿度与产蛋率和蛋总数均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);温度、湿度和THI均与破蛋率呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。蛋品质分析结果显示:平均蛋质量59.21 g、蛋壳强度5.45 kg/cm2、蛋壳厚度0.39 mm、蛋形指数1.28、蛋黄颜色6.10、蛋黄比率27.78%和哈氏单位80.42。【结论】夏季海兰褐蛋种鸡在THI为70.70~82.46的环境下,生长发育、孵化性能和蛋品质良好。

[Purpose]To investigate the appropriate environmental temperature and humidity in summer for Hy-line brown layer breeders.[Methods]In 6 henhouses with environmental control system,we recorded the room temperature and humidity from June to August,the body mass,age of first laying,egg production,number of broken eggs and total number of eggs of 30000 Hy-line brown layer breeders from 0 to 26 weeks,the hatching performance of 180000 parental breeders and the egg quality of 60 eggs at the age of 200 days,calculated the daily average temperature,humidity,temperature-humidity index(THI),uniformity of body mass and coefficient of variation and analyzed the suitable THI range for breeders.[Results]The daily average temperature,humidity and THI from June to August were 22.07-30.51℃,61.88%-93.20%,and 70.70-82.46,respectively.The body weight and uniformity of chickens can reach the standard at the brooding and finishing periods.The age at first laying was 140 days.Within the age of 220 days,the average laying rate,broken egg rate,fertilized egg rate,hatching rate,and healthy hatching rate were 93.93%,0.50%,94.49%,91.20%,and 92.51%,respectively.Indoor temperature and THI were significantly positively correlated with laying rate(P<0.01),while humidity was positively correlated with laying rate and total number of eggs(P<0.01).Temperature,humidity,and THI were negatively correlated with breaking egg rate(P<0.01).The results of 200-day old egg quality analysis indicated that the average egg weight,eggshell strength,eggshell thickness,egg shape index,yolk color,yolk ratio,and Haugh unit were 59.21 g,5.45 kg/cm2,0.39 mm,1.28,7.58,27.78%and 80.42,respectively.[Conclusions]In summer,the growth and development,hatchability performance and egg quality of Hy-line brown layer breeders were good in the environment with THI from 70.70 to 82.46.