中国研究型大学博士职业选择趋向与治理路径研究

Research on the Trend of Doctoral Career Choice and Governance Path at China’s Research Universities

基于入选“双一流”一流大学建设计划高校的毕业生就业质量年度报告数据,探究我国研究型大学博士职业选择趋向与治理路径。结果显示:(1)从就业去向来看,直接就业是首要选择,攻读博士后比例不同程度增加;(2)从就业单位性质来看,高等院校普遍仍是首选,企业成为重要补充,其职业选择受学校学科专业结构影响较大,医学领域体现尤为明显;(3)从职业选择类型来看,大部分高校选择学术职业的比例均超过了60%以上,但仍旧有超过三分之一最终选择非学术职业,并呈现递增趋势;(4)从就业地域来看,职业选择受属地效应、溢出效应和国家政策导向的交互影响;(5)从就业行业来看,集中在教育、卫生和社会工作、科学研究和技术服务业等行业,自身学科知识属性是主导因素,薪酬水平和职业发展前景则是重要补充因素。基于此,从制度建构、组织管理和技术支持三个维度提出我国研究型大学博士教育改革的未来治理路径。

Based on the annual report on the employment quality of graduates from the universities selected in the“double first-class”construction program as the basic data frame,this paper explores the trend and governance path of doctoral career choice at research-oriented universities in China.The results show:1.from the perspective of employment,direct employment is the first choice,and the proportion increases to a certain degree after the doctoral candidates finish their programs;2.from the perspective of employers,higher-learning institutions are still the first choice,and enterprises become an important supplement,and their career choice is greatly influenced by the discipline structure of the universities,especially in the medical field;3.from the perspective of career choice types,most college students choose academic career and the proportion is over 60 percent,anyhow,more than one third of students choose non-academic career finally,which shows an increasing trend;4.from the perspective of employing regions,career choice is influenced by the economic efficiency of different localities,spillover effect and national policy guidance;and 5.from the perspective of employing industries,the choices concentrate in education,health and social work,scientific research and technical services.The subject knowledge attribute of the students is the leading factor,and the salary level and career development prospect are the important supplementary factors.Based on the findings,this paper puts forward a future governance path for doctoral education reform at research-oriented universities in China from the three dimensions of system construction,organizational management and technical support.