城固县流行性腮腺炎疫情分析

Analysis of epidemic situation of mumps in Chenggu county

目的分析2015—2019年陕西省城固县流行性腮腺炎疫情的流行特征,为制定防控措施提供参考依据。方法收集中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统中2015—2019年城固县报告流行性腮腺炎病例资料,采用描述流行病学方法分析结果。结果 2015—2019年城固县共报告腮腺炎病例440例,年均报告发病率为18.74/10万,发病率2016年最高(41.43/10万)、2019年最低(7.84/10万),无死亡病例;男性发病率(22.71/10万)高于女性(14.72/10万),男女性别比为1.54∶1;发病形式以多点散发为主,报告病例数农村明显高于城区;学生居多(67.96%),其次是托幼儿童(16.36%)和散居儿童(6.59%),主要集中在15岁以下儿童、占86.82%;季节性发病特征明显,每年4—8月(48.18%)和11月—次年2月(35.91%)为高峰期,呈明显的双峰分布。结论城固县流行性腮腺炎发病率整体呈下降趋势,应高度关注学龄期和学龄前儿童是防控的重点人群,继续落实流行性腮腺炎免疫接种策略,提高重点人群免疫水平,降低发病率。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of mumps in Chenggu county from 2015 to 2019,so as to provide reference for formulating the measures of prevention and control.Methods The data of mumps cases in Chenggu county during 2015 and 2019 were collected from Chinese Disease Surveillance Information Reporting and Management System,and analyzed with descriptively epidemiological method.Results There were 440 cases of mumps were reported in Chenggu county from 2015 to 2019.The average annual incidence was 18.74/100000,the highest(41.43/100000)in 2016 and the lowest(7.84/100000)in 2019,without death case.The incidence was higher in the male(22.71/100000)than in the female(14.72/100000),with ratio of the male to the female of 1.54∶1.The cases mainly distributed in multiple points,and was more in rural area than in urban.The cases of students(67.96%)were the most,followed by kindergartens children(16.36%)and scattered children(6.59%),and mainly concentrated in the children under 15 year-old and accounted for 86.82%.The seasonal onset showed bimodal distribution,with the peaks from April to August(48.18%),then from November to February of the next year(35.91%).Conclusions The incidence rates of mumps show decreasing trend in Chenggu county.The children at school age and in pre-school period are the key groups for prevention and control,and should be paid more attention to.The immunization strategy for epidemic mumps should be continuously implemented for improving the immunization level of key population and reduce the incidence of mumps.