民国时期四川省级教育管理的实践及审思——以省域中学管理为个案

Practice and Reflection of Sichuan Education Management in Republic of China--A Case Study of Provincial Middle Schools

省级教育行政管理是我国教育管理体系中的重要一环。民国时期,地处西南的多民族省份四川省的省级教育行政部门上承教育部命令,领导省域中学管理工作,大致历经了广设中学、合并弱校、整顿中学、限量重质四个管理阶段,期间做出种种努力。然而,受施政环境不稳、领导者任期短暂、管理权责不明、施政思路无序等因素牵制,川省形成城市中学数量激增、民族地区中学滞后的不平衡发展格局,严重阻碍了质量的提升。这一历史个案启迪今人,当前在推进省域教育治理现代化进程中,应充分保障省级政府部门施政环境的稳定性;权责配置应清晰明确;省级教育主政人员任期要有稳定性;行政方针及行政计划应具有连贯性;重视并强化省域教育统筹。

Provincial education administration is one of the important parts in the educational management system in China.During the period of the Republic of China,Sichuan provincial education administrative department,located in the southwestern multi-ethnic area,took charge of the management of provincial middle schools under the command of MOE.It has roughly seen four stages,i.e.increase of school number,merging of weak schools,rectification of schools,and enhancement of school quality with various efforts.However,due to the unstable governance,short-sightedness of the leaders,implicit management responsibilities,and disorderly governance rules,Sichuan middle education has witnessed an imbalanced development with increasing number of urban schools and the lagged-behind of schools in ethnic areas,which seriously hindered the improvement of quality.This historical case indicates that,in the current process of promoting the modernization of provincial education governance,the stable governance of provincial departments should be fully guaranteed;the power allocation and responsibilities should be explicit;the term of provincial education chiefs must be fixed;the administrative guidelines and plans should be coherent;and the provincial education coordination should be strengthened.