超疏水性棉织物的制备及其油水分离应用研究

Preparation of superhydrophobic cotton fabric and its application on the oil-water separation

采用溶液浸渍法在棉织物表面构筑碳酸钙微纳米粗糙结构,再经低表面能物质硬脂酸修饰,制得具有超疏水性能的棉织物试样。采用接触角测量仪、X射线粉末衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜分别对试样的润湿性、相组成和微观形貌进行表征分析。同时对试样进行油水分离试验,探究其油水分离性能。结果表明,钟乳石状碳酸钙微纳米粗糙结构和硬脂酸修饰的协同作用赋予棉织物良好的超疏水性能,与水的接触角达到156°,可分离不同种类的油水混合液,且反复使用30次后对油水质量比为1∶1的油水混合液的分离效率仍能达到94.00%以上。

Coarse structure of micro-nano calcium carbonate was constructed by the solution impregnation method with cotton fabric as matrix.Subsequently,cotton fabric with superhydrophobic properties was prepared by modification of chemical stearic acid with low surface energy.The wettability,phase structure and morphology of the superhydrophobic cotton fabric were characterized by using the contact angle measurement,X-ray powder diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy.At the same time,the oil-water separation experiment was performed with the prepared samples to explore its oil-water separation performance.The results showed that the synergistic effect of stalactite-like micro-nano structures and stearic acid modification on the surface of cotton fabrics endowed the cotton fabrics with good superhydrophobicity,and the contact angle with water reached 156°.Different types of oil and water mixtures were separated by the superhydrophobic cotton fabric.After 30 times of repeated use,the separation efficiency of oil/water mixture with mass ratio of 1∶1 could still reach more than 94.00%.