旱灾、饥荒与清代鄂尔多斯地区蒙地的开垦

Drought Famine and Reclamation of Mongolian Land in Ordos Area in Qing Dynasty

清代鄂尔多斯蒙地开垦是在明清小冰期中较为寒冷的气候大背景下进行的,区域人类行为与干旱及旱灾呈现出复杂的互动关系。与通常人们所认为的旱灾、饥荒导致区域农牧业生产萎缩、社会凋敝有异的是,愈是干旱及旱灾多发、严重,鄂尔多斯蒙地开垦规模愈是呈扩大之势。开垦蒙地是蒙汉应对旱灾、饥荒的一种手段,干旱、饥荒成为清代鄂尔多斯蒙地农业垦殖不断扩大的重要推动因素。这对于重新认识干旱等灾害性天气对人类社会发展的有益与不利的影响,深化全球气候变化与区域人类行为关系认识具有重要意义。

The reclamation of Ordos land in Qing Dynasty was carried out under the background of cold climate in the small glacial period of Ming and Qing dynasties.The study shows that reclamation of Mongolian land is a way of coping with drought and famine in Mongolia and Han Dynasty,and drought is the important driving factor for the continuous expansion of agricultural reclamation in Ordos in Qing Dynasty.This piont,for re-understanding drought and other disastrous weather on the development of human society"positive"and"negative"impact,promote global climate change and regional human behavior interaction of this important proposition,the significance is undoubtedly far-reaching.