清代川陕楚边区的行政建制与人事管理——以道光元年设治为中心

The Administration Organization System and Personnel Management in the Chuan-Shan-Chu Border Region of the Qing Dynasty:A Case of Setting Governing Bureaus in 1821

川陕楚边区崇山邃谷,林深箐密,历来为流移之乐谷,动乱之渊薮。如何设治抚民,稳固该区之统治秩序,是困扰清廷的一个政治心结。道光元年,由卓秉恬奏请,川陕楚三省会商,军机大臣会同吏兵二部议复,道光帝裁决,历经复杂的互动过程,最终添置砖坪、白河、城口三厅和太平一县,并定为边缺,使川陕楚边区的行政建制和人事管理过渡到新的阶段。深入考察这一建置过程及实施效果,一方面可窥清官府特殊的边区观念,移植边缺,予以创造性设计,夯实内地边缘的统治秩序;另方面可观清帝国的统治模式,建厅设治,强化人事管理,使内地边缘真正纳入中华帝国统治体系之中。

The Chuan-Shan-Chu border region(CSC)has always been a popular destination of refugees and a sump of unrest for the tangling of high mountains,deep valleys,and dense trees there.How to govern the region and acquire a stable ruling order in the CSC was always perplexed the Qing Government.Daoguang decided to set up Zhuanping Office,Baihekou Office,Chengkou Office and Taiping County additionally in the administration organization system in 1821 which was based on a complicated interactive process petitioned from Zhuo Bingtian and consulted among the three provinces of Chuan-Shan-Chu and the jointly final discussion between the Military Minister and the Minister of Personnel and the Minister of War.The new settings classified at Bianque which made the CSC administrative system and personnel management into a new period.To thorough investigate the process of the settings and the implementation effect could obtain the new understandings.One hand is to clear the special concept of Qing Government toward the border regions which was based on creative settings to consolidate the ruling order toward the peripheral regions.The other hand is to comprehend the governance mode of Qing Government which really incorporated the edges on the mainland into the system of the Chinese Empire.