面向交通环境影响评价的大气扩散模型应用策略

Configuration Strategy of Air Dispersion Modelfor Transportation Environmental Impact Assessment

针对交通环境影响评价中大气污染物扩散模型(AERMOD)的建模过程极易发生测算错误,进行了面源模拟和体源模拟对比,以及受体低分辨率和高分辨率布设方案对比的应用策略研究。在此基础上,分析了体源中仿真隔离区(exclusion zone)的计算机制,并且设计了避免仿真隔离区带来测算误差的方法。研究结果表明,由于仿真隔离区的存在,在使用体源模拟进行交通环境影响评价时,极易产生计算误差。另外,高密度的受体布设能更好地刻画扩散特征,尤其是在离污染源较近位置浓度峰值区域的特征。

Because the modeling process using air dispersion model(AERMOD)for transportation environmental impact assessment has a high potential for analysis error,it is necessary to examine the differences between area and volume source and contrast the lowresolution receptor placement with high-resolution receptor placement.The mechanism of exclusion zones in volume source is analyzed and a method for avoiding the negative effects of exclusion zones is proposed.The results indicate that it is easy to create analysis errors using the volume source,which is largely caused by the effects of the exclusion zones.It is also found that higher densities of receptors better capture the characteristics of concentrations,especially at the locations near the emission source.