《诗经·汉广》游女形象考述

A study on the image of Younü(游女)by the Han River in The Book of Songs of Han Guang

汉水游女形象最初见于《诗经·汉广》,从诗文本身来看,未见其神性。西汉时期,三家《诗》皆认为她是神女,毛诗则主张其为游女。由汉代谶纬之学的解经模式至魏晋时期的神仙方术思想的兴起,“神女”这一形象亦随之进一步发展。同时,西汉以后古文经学兴起,“汉水游女”形象亦在传播演进。在此后的社会思想与学术发展中,对于“游女”为人或为神这一问题逐渐产生了较大的分歧。文章通过对各家《诗》说进行梳理,认为“汉水游女”本身当为汉水之滨良家女,而后世经传、民间传说赋予了她瑰怪陆离,甚至带有神性的色彩。要之,这一切皆是在“人”这一基础上而展开的,皆旨在申述礼乐文化影响之下的汉水女子有礼有节有智慧的美好形象。

The Younüin the Han River were first seen in The Book of Songs,Han Guang,but their divinity was not seen in the poetry itself.In the Western Han Dynasty,she was regarded as a goddess in the Three Family Poems,while Mao Shi regarded her as a Younü.From the model of divining-divination in Han Dynasty to the rise of the idea of propheticmixed(谶纬)in Wei and Jin Dynasties,the image of“fairy maiden”also developed further.At the same time,after the Western Han Dynasty,the study of ancient texts and classics rose,and the image of“Younü”was further spread and evolved.In the later social thought and academic development,people gradually had a big disagreement on the issue of“Younü”as being a human or a goddess.Through sorting out the theories of various poems,this paper holds that“Younüin the Han River”should be regarded as a good girl by the side of the Han River,while the interpretation of scripture and folklore of later generations endowed her with the exotic and exotic color,and even with various attachments of divinity.In a word,all of these are developed on the basis of“people”,and all aim to express the beautiful image of the Han River's women,whose beautiful figures are polite,prudent and intelligent under the influence of rites and musical culture.