《四库全书总目》崇古观念析论

On the Imitating Ancient Ideas Based on Current Situation in Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu

儒家传统历来有崇古观念,而以崇儒尊经为旨趣的《四库全书总目》亦概莫能外,但其于崇古之中又呈现"应时法古"的辩证观念。一方面,《总目》在书籍版本考订、学术思想源流与文体格调高卑诸问题上,均呈现明显的崇古倾向。但在崇古的同时,部分提要又表现出贬斥泥古的论调,认为疏于考辨或不辨古今异宜的迂腐观念可能祸乱于当世。如此正反两造观点在《总目》的文本空间中形成折衷性的辩证观点,即认为应在审时度势的基础上"法古",同时在"法古"的基础上顺应时变。

This paper aims to research the idea of imitating ancient ones based on current situation in Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu.Firstly,it discusses the worship of ancient people in this working,considering that it advocates the ancient era in several areas,such as version examining of books,the developing of academic ideas,and the distinction of superiors or inferiors in literary form.Besides,it reveals the viewpoint of criticizing excessive worship in the working,which believing that pedantic notion lacking of examining or ignoring the differences between ancient and modern ones,which might cause great disaster.The counter-opinions above facilitating dialectical standpoint,which advocates that idea to imitate ancient one based on considering the current situation,while replying to current change based on imitating ancient one at the same time.