美国空间交通管理政策与发展趋势

Space Traffic Management Policies and Development Trends in the United States

国家空间交通管理体系的构建对于推动和引导国际空间交通管理、治理体系的形成具有重要作用。随着2018年美国3号航天政策令的颁布,美国在空间交通国际治理博弈中逐渐占据了先机和主动。该政策明确了美国制定国家空间交通管理政策的目的和措施,识别了国家空间交通管理的重要领域和相关准则,初步建立了国家空间交通管理职责体系和协调机制,为美主导空间交通管理国际秩序的构建提供了有力支撑。美国空间交通管理政策发展的趋势包括:通过加大能力建设、及时调整政策和拓展国际合作,有力保障美国外空领先和领导地位;重置军民商分工,优化和聚焦军口维护国家安全的职能,让市场于民、商,并扩大国际合作机会;提供空间态势感知和空间交通管理服务的主体开始多元化,出现越来越多的商业主体,而且得到政府大力支持。

The establishment of national space traffic management system plays an important role in promoting and guiding the formation of international space traffic management and governance system.With the promulgation of the No.3 Space Policy Decree in 2018,the United States has gradually taken the lead and initiative in the game of international space transportation governance.The policy clarifies the purpose and measures of the United States in formulating the national space traffic management policy,identifies the important areas and relevant guidelines of the national space traffic management,and initially establishes the responsibility system and coordination mechanism of the national space traffic management,thus providing a strong support for the US-led international space traffic management order construction.The trends in the development of the US space traffic management policies include:(1)Strengthening capacity building,timely policy adjustment and expanding international cooperation to ensure the leadership and leading position of the US in outer space;(2)Resetting the division of labor between military,civilian and commercial sectors,optimizing and focusing on the functions of military to safeguard national security,making the market more accessible to civilian and commercial sectors,and expanding opportunities for international cooperation;(3)The providers of space situational awareness and space traffic management services begin to be diversified,and more and more commercial entities appear,which are strongly supported by the government.