中国近现代竞技运动文化中的身体教育思想谱系学考究

A Genealogical Study of Body Education Ideology in Modern Chinese Athletic Culture

运用谱系学研究方法,分析了中国近现代竞技运动文化中的身体教育思想谱系。从微观层面管窥中国近现代竞技运动文化从身体教育思想上映现、发掘和塑造中华体育精神的重要作用与意义,进而为如何塑造中国人的中华体育精神提供历史依据与理论支撑。在中国近现代竞技运动文化演化中,身体教育思想出现了以下几个谱系:1)日本军事体育思想传入中国学校体育中的竞技运动身体教育思想;2)一些宗教性质的社团传播的竞技运动身体教育思想;3)留学美国的中国学生引入中国的美国的竞技运动身体教育思想。分析中国多民族国家形成过程中的竞技运动文化,包括:1)学校体育课教学内容中兵式体操与竞技运动项目的融汇;2)争夺身体教育权力的学校运动会;3)女性参与竞技运动意识的形成;4)“土洋之争”背景下中国武术的“国”字化与竞技化。中国近现代竞技运动文化中的身体教育思想对当时中国多民族国家建构过程中的国际政治时局具有投射含义。在中国近现代的竞技运动文化中,中华体育精神通过各类学校学生强健的身体和坚韧的意志体现出来,其对当时中国多民族国家的构建有着重要的意义。

Applying the genealogical method,this paper analyzes the genealogy of physical education ideology in Chinese athletic culture in modern China.From a microscopic level,it examines the important role and significance of modern Chinese athletic sports culture in revealing,exploring and shaping the Chinese sports spirit from the perspective of physical education ideology,and it provides historical basis and theoretical support for shaping the Chinese sports spirit.In the evolution of modern Chinese athletic culture,the following genealogies of physical education ideology emerged:1)the athletic education ideology introduced from Japanese military sports ideology into Chinese school physical education;2)the athletic education ideology of some religious groups in China;and 3)the American athletic education ideas introduced into China by early modern Chinese students studying in the United States.This paper analyzes the athletic sports culture in the evolution of multi-ethnic China,including:1)the integration of military gymnastics and athletic sports in the teaching content of school physical education;2)the school sports meeting which fights for the power of physical education;3)the formation of women’s consciousness of participating in athletic sports;and 4)the“national”and athletic character of Chinese martial arts under the background of“domestic and foreign competition”.The physical education ideology in athletic sports culture has a projection meaning on the international political situation in the process of building the multi-ethnic China.In the modern athletic sports culture of China,the Chinese sports spirit is embodied by the strong body and tough will of students in various schools,which is of great significance to the construction of multi-ethnic China.