中国城乡母职形象何以分化——“教育家庭化”中的城市“虎妈”与农村“猫妈”

Maternity Image Differentiation Between the Urban and Rural in China——Urban“Tiger Mother”and Rural“Cat Mother”in“Class Consolidation”

当前,我国城乡家庭的母职形象出现了截然不同的倾向,城市母亲更加倾向于扮演“虎妈”角色,农村母亲则更加倾向于扮演“猫妈”角色。城乡母亲的角色差异主要源于城乡家庭资源动员能力和教育竞争环境的综合影响:城市家庭的教育资源动员能力和家庭教育竞争压力,使得城市母亲在投入与压力中形塑了“虎妈”形象;农村家庭处于教育资源匮乏和家庭教育去竞争化的境地,农村母亲在亏欠与无奈中形塑了“猫妈”形象。城乡母职形象的差异化表达所映射的是城乡家庭教养制度的分化与变迁,城市家庭教养制度从民主型走向压力型,而农村家庭教养制度从专制型走向松散型。一方面家庭成为分化社会和分化教育的最大力量;另一方面城乡父母共同承载着教育发展的焦虑,反映出我国教育制度异化的总体趋势。

At present,the maternity image in urban and rural families has a very different tendency in China.Urban mothers are more inclined to play the role of“Tiger Mom”,and rural mothers are more inclined to play the role of“Cat Mom”.The differences in the roles of urban and rural mothers are mainly due to the combined impact of the ability to mobilize resources of urban and rural families and the competitive environment of education.The differential expression of the image of urban and rural maternity reflects the differentiation and change of the urban and rural family education system.The urban family education system changes from democratic to pressure,and the rural family education system changes from authoritarian to loose.On the one hand,the family has become the biggest force to divide society and divide education,and on the other hand,urban and rural parents share the anxiety of educational development,which implies the overall trend of alienation of our education system.