城市收入分化提高了全要素生产率吗?——基于中国工业企业数据的实证分析

Does Urban Income Differentiation Improve Total Factor Productivity:Empirical Analysis Based on the Data of Chinese Industrial Enterprises

基于生产要素空间流动的视角,在提出城市收入分化对全要素生产率影响效果的假说的基础上,关于2006—2013年253个地级及以上城市的收入分化水平对全要素生产率的影响的研究发现:城市收入分化、城市间收入分化和城市内收入分化分别会提高、降低和提高全要素生产率;城市收入分化对于国内公有制企业和民营企业的影响导致了“国进民退”的现象,而且对于小城市的影响较大;西部地区和东北地区的城市收入分化能有效提高全要素生产率,而对于东部地区,城市收入分化的负面影响已经占据主导地位。全面准确地理解城市收入分化现象,可以为区域发展战略和区域政策的适时调整提供一定的经验支持,有助于制定精准有效的区域政策和规划。

Based on the perspective of spatial flow of production factors,the paper puts forward hypotheses about the effect of urban income differentiation on TFP.This paper examines the impact of income differentiation on TFP in 253 cities at prefecture-level and above from 2006 to 2013.The results show that:first,urban income differentiation,inter-urban income differentiation and intra-urban income differentiation will improve,impair and improve TFP respectively;second,the impact of urban income differentiation on domestic public-owned enterprises and private enterprises leads to the phenomenon of "the state-owned advancing as the private sector retreating",and has a greater impact on small cities;third,the urban income differentiation in the western and northeast regions can effectively promote TFP,while for the eastern region,the negative impact of urban differentiation has occupied a dominant position.A comprehensive and accurate understanding of the phenomenon of urban income differentiation can provide empirical support for the timely adjustment of regional development strategies and regional policies,so it has a certain significance for the formulation of accurate and effective regional policies and planning.