福柯最后的哲学思想——犬儒主义和真理的发生

On Michel Foucault's Last Philosophy:Cynicism and the Uncovering of Truth

福柯在20世纪70年代对各种各样的现代权力技术进行研究后,在生命的最后几年转向了古代哲学研究。这种研究主要是围绕着“自我技术”展开的。所谓“自我技术”,就是自己意图让自己达到一个特殊的存在模式而有意训练自己,或者借助他人的帮助来训练自己。显然,这种自我技术是将焦点集中在生活行为实践方面而不是理论教义方面。福柯讨论了不同领域的自我训练和实践。在他生命的最后几个月,他集中讲述了犬儒主义哲学。犬儒主义是他看重的生活实践的最重要的哲学代表。正是在犬儒主义这里,一种特殊的说真话的自我技术发生了。

After the study of various modern technologies of power in the 1970s,Michel Foucault turned his research to the area of ancient philosophy which mainly concentrates on technologies of the self during the last years of his life.Technologies of the self is the self-training intentionally contributing to a special mode of being all by oneself or with the help of others.Obviously,this technologies of the self focus on the conduct practice of daily life rather than on theories or doc-trines.Michel Foucault has discussed self-training and practice in different fields.In the last months of his life,Foucault concentrated on the philosophy of cynicism which was valued by him above all other schools of philosophy in regards to the aspect of living practice.It is in cynicism that a special technology of the self on truth takes place.