精准扶贫视角下贫困地区农村女性户主家庭能力脱贫实现路径探析——基于陕南秦巴山区农户家庭的调查数据

Research on the Ability to Eliminate Poverty From the Rural Female-headed Households in Poor Mountainous Areas in the Perspective of Precision Poverty Alleviation——Survey Data Based on Farmers’Families in the Qinba Mountain Area of Southern Shaanxi

贫困不仅是一种经济现象,更是一个深层次的结构性社会问题。贫困问题的性别差异,其实质是现实社会不平等的性别关系在贫困问题上的集中反映。作为贫困山区农村女性贫困群体中的一个特殊群体,农村女性户主家庭的贫困具有集结构性、复杂性、独特性与脆弱性为一体的特点。关注妇女贫困,特别是贫困女性户主家庭的脱贫,需要转变传统的“救济式”扶贫模式,向以增强人的可行性能力为核心的“能力扶贫”模式转变。提升贫困农村女性户主家庭能力脱贫的路径,需要从政策支持、社会保障、人力资本、社会网络以及女性户主内生动力与能力建设等方面入手。

Poverty is not only an economic phenomenon,but also a deep structural social problem.The essence of the gender difference of the poverty problem is the concentrated reflection of the gender relation of real social inequality on the poverty problem.As a special group of rural women in poor mountainous areas,the poverty of rural female-headed households is characterized by structure,complexity,uniqueness and vulnerability.Paying attention to the poverty of women,especially the poverty alleviation of female-headed households,needs to change the traditional“relief”poverty alleviation model to the“ability poverty alleviation”model with the enhancement of human feasibility ability as the core.The way to improve the ability of rural female-headed households in poor mountain areas to eliminate poverty needs to start with policy support,social security,human capital,social network,and endogenous motivation and capacity building of female-headed households.